Table 1

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< Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light
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investigation
Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments
cat cat conc [µM] PS PS conc [mM] e-D e-D conc [M] H-D H-D conc [M] solvent A solvent B solvent C solv A/B/C additives additives conc [M] feedstock gas feedstock volume intensity pH T [°C] λexc [nm] t [h] TON CO TOF CO Φ CO [%] TON CH4 TOF CH4 Φ CH4 [%] TON H2 TOF H2 Φ H2 [%] TON HCOOH TOF HCOOH Φ HCOOH [%] TON MeOH TOF MeOH Φ MeOH [%] selectivity [%] [CO;CH4;H2;HCOOH;MeOH] Φ all [%] Details include

Ru(bpy)2Cl2

0.025

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


NMP



25 400 - 700 1 2 13 6.3%; 0%; 12.5%; 81.3%; 0%


Yes

Ru(bpy)2CO3

0.025

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


NMP



25 400 - 700 2 4 21 7.4%; 0%; 14.8%; 77.8%; 0%


Yes

[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]

0.025

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


NMP



25 400 - 700 13 8 62 15.7%; 0%; 9.6%; 74.7%; 0%


Yes

[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]

0.025

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


NMP



25 400 - 700 8 8 34 16.0%; 0%; 16.0%; 68.0%; 0%


Yes

[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]

0.025

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


NMP



25 400 - 700 7 9 40 12.5%; 0%; 16.1%; 71.4%; 0%


Yes

[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]

0.025

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


NMP



25 400 - 700 3 4 27 8.8%; 0%; 11.8%; 79.4%; 0%


Yes