Table 1

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< Visible-Light Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid with a Ru Catalyst Supported by N,N’- Bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,6-diaminopyridine Ligands
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investigation
Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments
cat cat conc [µM] PS PS conc [mM] e-D e-D conc [M] H-D H-D conc [M] solvent A solvent B solvent C solv A/B/C additives additives conc [M] feedstock gas feedstock volume intensity pH T [°C] λexc [nm] t [h] TON CO TOF CO Φ CO [%] TON CH4 TOF CH4 Φ CH4 [%] TON H2 TOF H2 Φ H2 [%] TON HCOOH TOF HCOOH Φ HCOOH [%] TON MeOH TOF MeOH Φ MeOH [%] selectivity [%] [CO;CH4;H2;HCOOH;MeOH] Φ all [%] Details include

Ru(py)-(MeNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

0.025

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

0.025

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 24 380 n/a


Yes

Ru(py)-(MeNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

0.05

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

0.05

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 14 210 n/a


Yes

Ru(py)-(MeNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

0.1

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

0.1

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 24 57.5 363 0%; 0%; 13.7%; 86.3%; 0%


Yes

Ru(py)-(MeNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

0.5

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

1

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 24 14 162 0%; 0%; 8.0%; 92.0%; 0%


Yes

Ru(py)-(MeNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

1

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

1

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 24 13.3 90.5 0%; 0%; 12.8%; 87.2%; 0%


Yes

Ru(py)-(HNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

0.5

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

1

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 24 14 70.5 0%; 0%; 16.6%; 83.4%; 0%


Yes

Ru(py)-(HNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

1

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

1

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 24 12 44.5 0%; 0%; 21.2%; 78.8%; 0%


Yes

Ru(py)-(HNdpp)2(CO)2Cl

2

[Ru(bpy)3][PF6]

1

TEOA


DMF



CO2 405 9.3 41.5 0%; 0%; 18.3%; 81.7%; 0%


Yes