Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:15, 5 July 2024

A photochemical reduction of CO₂ to formic acid was shown using a system containing an iridium-based photosensitizer, ruthenium photocatalyst and triethanolamine as the electron donor. Turnover numbers up to 526 and a selectivity of 80% towards formic acid were observed if the reaction was performed with [Ir(ppy)₂(bpy)]PF₆ ([Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]) as the photosensitizer and [Ru(bpy)₂(Cl)(CO)]PF₆ (100837) as the catalyst. The experiments were conducted under irradiation with Hg-lamp equipped with a λ=400–700 nm filter.

Advances and special progress[edit | edit source]

The employed photocatalytic system showed activity for the photoreduction of Na₂CO₃ to formic acid as well. A TON of 53 was observed after 5h reaction time.

Additional remarks[edit | edit source]

Experiments using different electron and proton donors such as triethylamine (TEA) and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) were unsuccessful as the observed activities were lower than those obtained in the presence of TEOA.

Content of the published article in detail[edit | edit source]

The article contains results for the reduction of CO2 to formic under visible-light catalysis using ruthenium complexes as catalysts, the iridium complex [Ir(ppy)₂(bpy)]PF₆ ([Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]) as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine as the electron donor. The catalytic system performs best (referring to the TON of HCOOH production) with [Ru(bpy)₂(Cl)(CO)]PF₆ (100837) as photocatalyst.

Catalysts[edit | edit source]

Ru(bpy)2Cl2 Ru(bpy)2CO3 [Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6] [Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6] [Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6] [Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]

Photosensitizer[edit | edit source]

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

	cat	cat conc [µM]	PS	PS conc [mM]	e-D	solvent A	λexc [nm]	TON CO	TON H2	TON HCOOH
1.	Ru(bpy)2Cl2	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	1	2	13
2.	Ru(bpy)2CO3	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	2	4	21
3.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	13	8	62
4.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	8	8	34
5.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	7	9	40
6.	[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	3	4	27

Investigation-Name: CO2 reduction experiments

	cat	cat conc [µM]	PS	PS conc [mM]	e-D	solvent A	λexc [nm]	TON CO	TON H2	TON HCOOH
1.	Ru(bpy)2Cl2	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	3	9	26
2.	Ru(bpy)2CO3	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	3	11	39
3.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	19	19	117
4.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	21	16	107
5.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	21	14	75
6.	[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	4	12	64
7.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	3.1	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	36	33	296
8.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	3.1	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	16	29	145
9.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	3.1	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	34	28	211
10.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	40	67	419
11.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	25	62	225
12.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	45	65	335
13.	[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	4	44	75

Investigation-Name: Optimization of concentrations

	analyte	reduction potential	solvent	electrolyte	WE	RE
1.	Ru(bpy)2Cl2	0,-2.11	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN
2.	Ru(bpy)2CO3	0.45,-1.97	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN
3.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	1.22,-1.75	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN
4.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	1.20,-1.61	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN

Investigation-Name: Table 3 - CV

Sacrificial electron donor[edit | edit source]

In this study, the experiments were done with the sacrificial electron donor TEOA (100507).

Additives[edit | edit source]

No additives were used in the described experiments.

Investigations

CO2 reduction experiments (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Optimization of concentrations (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Table 1 (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Table 2 (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Table 3 - CV (Assay, Cyclic Voltammetry experiments)

DOI	10.1002/cctc.201500494
Authors	Alonso Rosas-Hernández, Henrik Junge, Matthias Beller,
Submitted	26.08.2015
Published online	26.08.2015
Licenses	http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1,
Subjects	Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Catalysis
Go to literature page

Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:15, 5 July 2024

Contents

Abstract[edit | edit source]

Summary[edit | edit source]

Advances and special progress[edit | edit source]

Additional remarks[edit | edit source]

Content of the published article in detail[edit | edit source]

Catalysts[edit | edit source]

Photosensitizer[edit | edit source]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

Sacrificial electron donor[edit | edit source]

Additives[edit | edit source]

Investigations

Topics

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{BaseTemplate}}
 [[Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to HCOOH]]
-{{#doiinfobox: 10.1002/cctc.201500494 }}{{FaultyMolecule}}
+{{DOI|doi=10.1002/cctc.201500494 }}
 === Abstract ===
@@ Line 165: / Line 164: @@
 M  V30 END CTAB
 M  END
-</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2]([C-]#[O+])([*])3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="" inchikey="" height="200px" width="300px" float="none" r1="Cl-,H-">
+</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2]([C-]#[O+])([Cl-])3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchikey="QJMAHGUIKKRXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-M" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CO.ClH.F6P.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;1-2;;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/h2*1-8H;;1H;;/q;;;;-1;+2/p-1" float="none" width="200" height="200">
-   -INDIGO-01122412262D
+   -INDIGO-02262411182D
   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
@@ Line 172: / Line 171: @@
 M  V30 COUNTS 35 39 0 0 0
 M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
-M  V30 1 C 6.02243 -3.73512 0.0 0
+M  V30 1 C 7.92242 -4.28512 0.0 0
-M  V30 2 C 7.49391 -3.73472 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 C 9.3939 -4.28472 0.0 0
-M  V30 3 C 6.75957 -3.30983 0.0 0
+M  V30 3 C 8.65956 -3.85983 0.0 0
-M  V30 4 N 7.49391 -4.58594 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 N 9.3939 -5.13594 0.0 0
-M  V30 5 C 6.02243 -4.58976 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 C 7.92242 -5.13976 0.0 0
-M  V30 6 C 6.76142 -5.01073 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 C 8.66141 -5.56073 0.0 0
-M  V30 7 C 8.2306 -3.30985 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 C 10.1306 -3.85985 0.0 0
-M  V30 8 C 8.96573 -2.03515 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 C 10.8657 -2.58515 0.0 0
-M  V30 9 C 8.23067 -2.45882 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 C 10.1307 -3.00882 0.0 0
-M  V30 10 C 9.70305 -2.4606 0.0 0
+M  V30 10 C 11.603 -3.0106 0.0 0
-M  V30 11 N 8.97082 -3.73701 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 N 10.8708 -4.28701 0.0 0
-M  V30 12 C 9.70482 -3.30737 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 C 11.6048 -3.85737 0.0 0
-M  V30 13 C 6.04369 -6.26514 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 C 7.94368 -6.81514 0.0 0
-M  V30 14 N 7.51517 -6.26473 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 N 9.41516 -6.81473 0.0 0
-M  V30 15 C 6.78082 -5.83984 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 8.68081 -6.38984 0.0 0
-M  V30 16 C 7.51517 -7.11595 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 9.41516 -7.66595 0.0 0
-M  V30 17 C 6.04369 -7.11977 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 7.94368 -7.66977 0.0 0
-M  V30 18 C 6.78268 -7.54074 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 C 8.68267 -8.09074 0.0 0
-M  V30 19 C 8.25207 -7.54046 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 10.1521 -8.09046 0.0 0
-M  V30 20 C 9.7236 -7.53764 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 11.6236 -8.08764 0.0 0
-M  V30 21 N 8.98851 -7.11395 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 N 10.8885 -7.66395 0.0 0
-M  V30 22 C 9.72498 -8.38887 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 11.625 -8.93887 0.0 0
-M  V30 23 C 8.25347 -8.39508 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 10.1535 -8.94508 0.0 0
-M  V30 24 C 8.99315 -8.81485 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 10.8931 -9.36485 0.0 0
-M  V30 25 Ru 8.96416 -5.35948 0.0 0 CHG=2
+M  V30 25 Ru 10.8641 -5.90948 0.0 0 CHG=2
-M  V30 26 R# 10.3323 -4.40054 0.0 0 RGROUPS=(1 1)
+M  V30 26 Cl 12.2323 -4.95054 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 27 C 10.3815 -6.07253 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 27 C 12.2815 -6.62253 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 28 O 11.2332 -6.5643 0.0 0 CHG=1
+M  V30 28 O 13.1332 -7.1143 0.0 0 CHG=1
-M  V30 29 F 11.9741 -3.90053 0.0 0
+M  V30 29 F 13.8741 -4.45053 0.0 0
-M  V30 30 P 12.8258 -3.40877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 30 P 14.7258 -3.95877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 31 F 13.6776 -3.90053 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 F 15.5776 -4.45053 0.0 0
-M  V30 32 F 12.8258 -2.42524 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 F 14.7258 -2.97524 0.0 0
-M  V30 33 F 11.9741 -2.91701 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 F 13.8741 -3.46701 0.0 0
-M  V30 34 F 13.6776 -2.91701 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 F 15.5776 -3.46701 0.0 0
-M  V30 35 F 12.8258 -4.3923 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 F 14.7258 -4.9423 0.0 0
 M  V30 END ATOM
 M  V30 BEGIN BOND
@@ Line 251: / Line 250: @@
 M  V30 END CTAB
 M  END
-</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru]([*])([*])3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="" inchikey="" height="200px" width="300px" float="none" r1="H2O,OC(CH3)2" r2="CO,OC(CH3)2">
+</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2]([C-]#[O+])(O([H])[H])3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CO.2F6P.H2O.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;1-2;2*1-7(2,3,4,5)6;;/h2*1-8H;;;;1H2;/q;;;2*-1;;+2" inchikey="CPFZZAZNEQBLAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
-   -INDIGO-01122412272D
+  -INDIGO-02152416342D
+  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
+M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
+M  V30 COUNTS 44 47 0 0 0
+M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
+M  V30 1 C 5.62242 -3.98512 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 C 7.0939 -3.98472 0.0 0
+M  V30 3 C 6.35956 -3.55983 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 N 7.0939 -4.83594 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 C 5.62242 -4.83976 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 C 6.36141 -5.26073 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 C 7.83059 -3.55985 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 C 8.56572 -2.28515 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 C 7.83066 -2.70882 0.0 0
+M  V30 10 C 9.30303 -2.7106 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 N 8.57081 -3.98701 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 C 9.3048 -3.55737 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 C 5.64368 -6.51514 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 N 7.11516 -6.51473 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 6.38081 -6.08984 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 7.11516 -7.36595 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 5.64368 -7.36977 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 C 6.38267 -7.79074 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 7.85206 -7.79046 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 9.32359 -7.78764 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 N 8.5885 -7.36395 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 9.32497 -8.63887 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 7.85346 -8.64508 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 8.59314 -9.06485 0.0 0
+M  V30 25 Ru 8.56415 -5.60948 0.0 0 CHG=2
+M  V30 26 O 9.93229 -4.65054 0.0 0
+M  V30 27 C 9.98149 -6.32253 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 28 O 10.8332 -6.8143 0.0 0 CHG=1
+M  V30 29 H 10.8388 -5.07273 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 H 9.84466 -3.65439 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 F 11.5741 -4.15053 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 P 12.4258 -3.65877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 33 F 13.2776 -4.15053 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 F 12.4258 -2.67524 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 F 11.5741 -3.16701 0.0 0
+M  V30 36 F 13.2776 -3.16701 0.0 0
+M  V30 37 F 12.4258 -4.6423 0.0 0
+M  V30 38 F 12.709 -7.35 0.0 0
+M  V30 39 P 13.5749 -6.85 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 40 F 14.441 -7.35 0.0 0
+M  V30 41 F 13.5749 -5.84999 0.0 0
+M  V30 42 F 12.709 -6.35 0.0 0
+M  V30 43 F 14.441 -6.35 0.0 0
+M  V30 44 F 13.5749 -7.85001 0.0 0
+M  V30 END ATOM
+M  V30 BEGIN BOND
+M  V30 1 2 3 1
+M  V30 2 2 4 2
+M  V30 3 1 1 5
+M  V30 4 1 2 3
+M  V30 5 2 5 6
+M  V30 6 1 6 4
+M  V30 7 1 2 7
+M  V30 8 2 9 7
+M  V30 9 2 10 8
+M  V30 10 1 7 11
+M  V30 11 1 8 9
+M  V30 12 2 11 12
+M  V30 13 1 12 10
+M  V30 14 2 15 13
+M  V30 15 2 16 14
+M  V30 16 1 13 17
+M  V30 17 1 14 15
+M  V30 18 2 17 18
+M  V30 19 1 18 16
+M  V30 20 1 16 19
+M  V30 21 2 21 19
+M  V30 22 2 22 20
+M  V30 23 1 19 23
+M  V30 24 1 20 21
+M  V30 25 2 23 24
+M  V30 26 1 24 22
+M  V30 27 10 11 25
+M  V30 28 10 25 21
+M  V30 29 10 25 14
+M  V30 30 10 25 4
+M  V30 31 10 25 26
+M  V30 32 10 25 27
+M  V30 33 3 27 28
+M  V30 34 1 26 29
+M  V30 35 1 26 30
+M  V30 36 1 31 32
+M  V30 37 1 32 33
+M  V30 38 1 32 34
+M  V30 39 1 32 35
+M  V30 40 1 32 36
+M  V30 41 1 32 37
+M  V30 42 1 38 39
+M  V30 43 1 39 40
+M  V30 44 1 39 41
+M  V30 45 1 39 42
+M  V30 46 1 39 43
+M  V30 47 1 39 44
+M  V30 END BOND
+M  V30 END CTAB
+M  END
+</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2](O=C(C)C)(O=C(C)C)3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.2C3H6O.2F6P.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2*1-3(2)4;2*1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/h2*1-8H;2*1-2H3;;;/q;;;;2*-1;+2" inchikey="MVHJANUNBKMKDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+  -INDIGO-02262411282D
+  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
+M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
+M  V30 COUNTS 47 50 0 0 0
+M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
+M  V30 1 F 12.1174 -3.75053 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 P 12.9691 -3.25877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 3 F 13.8209 -3.75053 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 F 12.9691 -2.27524 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 F 12.1174 -2.76701 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 F 13.8209 -2.76701 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 F 12.9691 -4.2423 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 F 12.0523 -6.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 P 12.9182 -6.35 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 10 F 13.7843 -6.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 F 12.9182 -5.34999 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 F 12.0523 -5.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 F 13.7843 -5.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 F 12.9182 -7.35001 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 4.96571 -3.48512 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 6.43719 -3.48472 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 5.70285 -3.05983 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 N 6.43719 -4.33594 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 4.96571 -4.33976 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 5.7047 -4.76073 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 C 7.17388 -3.05985 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 7.90901 -1.78515 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 7.17395 -2.20882 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 8.64632 -2.2106 0.0 0
+M  V30 25 N 7.9141 -3.48701 0.0 0
+M  V30 26 C 8.64809 -3.05737 0.0 0
+M  V30 27 C 4.98697 -6.01514 0.0 0
+M  V30 28 N 6.45845 -6.01473 0.0 0
+M  V30 29 C 5.7241 -5.58984 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 C 6.45845 -6.86595 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 C 4.98697 -6.86977 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 C 5.72596 -7.29074 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 C 7.19535 -7.29046 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 C 8.66688 -7.28764 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 N 7.93179 -6.86395 0.0 0
+M  V30 36 C 8.66826 -8.13887 0.0 0
+M  V30 37 C 7.19675 -8.14508 0.0 0
+M  V30 38 C 7.93643 -8.56485 0.0 0
+M  V30 39 Ru 7.90744 -5.10948 0.0 0 CHG=2
+M  V30 40 O 9.27558 -4.15054 0.0 0
+M  V30 41 O 9.32346 -5.80948 0.0 0
+M  V30 42 C 10.1416 -3.65054 0.0 0
+M  V30 43 C 10.1416 -2.65054 0.0 0
+M  V30 44 C 11.0076 -4.15054 0.0 0
+M  V30 45 C 10.1895 -6.30948 0.0 0
+M  V30 46 C 11.0555 -5.80948 0.0 0
+M  V30 47 C 10.1895 -7.30948 0.0 0
+M  V30 END ATOM
+M  V30 BEGIN BOND
+M  V30 1 1 1 2
+M  V30 2 1 2 3
+M  V30 3 1 2 4
+M  V30 4 1 2 5
+M  V30 5 1 2 6
+M  V30 6 1 2 7
+M  V30 7 1 8 9
+M  V30 8 1 9 10
+M  V30 9 1 9 11
+M  V30 10 1 9 12
+M  V30 11 1 9 13
+M  V30 12 1 9 14
+M  V30 13 2 17 15
+M  V30 14 2 18 16
+M  V30 15 1 15 19
+M  V30 16 1 16 17
+M  V30 17 2 19 20
+M  V30 18 1 20 18
+M  V30 19 1 16 21
+M  V30 20 2 23 21
+M  V30 21 2 24 22
+M  V30 22 1 21 25
+M  V30 23 1 22 23
+M  V30 24 2 25 26
+M  V30 25 1 26 24
+M  V30 26 2 29 27
+M  V30 27 2 30 28
+M  V30 28 1 27 31
+M  V30 29 1 28 29
+M  V30 30 2 31 32
+M  V30 31 1 32 30
+M  V30 32 1 30 33
+M  V30 33 2 35 33
+M  V30 34 2 36 34
+M  V30 35 1 33 37
+M  V30 36 1 34 35
+M  V30 37 2 37 38
+M  V30 38 1 38 36
+M  V30 39 10 25 39
+M  V30 40 10 39 35
+M  V30 41 10 39 28
+M  V30 42 10 39 18
+M  V30 43 10 39 40
+M  V30 44 10 39 41
+M  V30 45 2 40 42
+M  V30 46 1 42 43
+M  V30 47 1 42 44
+M  V30 48 2 41 45
+M  V30 49 1 45 46
+M  V30 50 1 45 47
+M  V30 END BOND
+M  V30 END CTAB
+M  END
+</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2]([C-]#[O+])([H-])3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CO.F6P.Ru.H/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;1-2;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;;/h2*1-8H;;;;/q;;;-1;+2;-1" inchikey="HJTHNVDYVJWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+   -INDIGO-02262411182D
   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
 M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
-M  V30 COUNTS 41 44 0 0 0
+M  V30 COUNTS 35 39 0 0 0
 M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
-M  V30 1 C 5.46091 -3.72402 0.0 0
+M  V30 1 C 4.57242 -3.91012 0.0 0
-M  V30 2 C 6.94206 -3.72362 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 C 6.0439 -3.90972 0.0 0
-M  V30 3 C 6.20289 -3.29593 0.0 0
+M  V30 3 C 5.30956 -3.48483 0.0 0
-M  V30 4 N 6.94206 -4.58043 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 N 6.0439 -4.76094 0.0 0
-M  V30 5 C 5.46091 -4.58427 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 C 4.57242 -4.76476 0.0 0
-M  V30 6 C 6.20476 -5.00801 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 C 5.31141 -5.18573 0.0 0
-M  V30 7 C 7.68359 -3.29595 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 C 6.78059 -3.48485 0.0 0
-M  V30 8 C 8.42354 -2.01288 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 C 7.51572 -2.21015 0.0 0
-M  V30 9 C 7.68366 -2.43934 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 C 6.78066 -2.63382 0.0 0
-M  V30 10 C 9.16571 -2.44113 0.0 0
+M  V30 10 C 8.25303 -2.6356 0.0 0
-M  V30 11 N 8.42867 -3.72592 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 N 7.52081 -3.91201 0.0 0
-M  V30 12 C 9.16749 -3.29346 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 C 8.2548 -3.48237 0.0 0
-M  V30 13 C 5.48231 -6.27066 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 C 4.59368 -6.44014 0.0 0
-M  V30 14 N 6.96346 -6.27024 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 N 6.06516 -6.43973 0.0 0
-M  V30 15 C 6.22429 -5.84257 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 5.33081 -6.01484 0.0 0
-M  V30 16 C 6.96346 -7.12706 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 6.06516 -7.29095 0.0 0
-M  V30 17 C 5.48231 -7.13091 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 4.59368 -7.29477 0.0 0
-M  V30 18 C 6.22616 -7.55464 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 C 5.33267 -7.71574 0.0 0
-M  V30 19 C 7.7052 -7.55435 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 6.80206 -7.71546 0.0 0
-M  V30 20 C 9.1864 -7.55152 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 8.27359 -7.71264 0.0 0
-M  V30 21 N 8.44648 -7.12505 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 N 7.5385 -7.28895 0.0 0
-M  V30 22 C 9.18778 -8.40834 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 8.27497 -8.56387 0.0 0
-M  V30 23 C 7.70661 -8.41459 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 6.80346 -8.57008 0.0 0
-M  V30 24 C 8.45114 -8.83712 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 7.54314 -8.98985 0.0 0
-M  V30 25 Ru 8.42197 -5.30955 0.0 0
+M  V30 25 Ru 7.51415 -5.53448 0.0 0 CHG=2
-M  V30 26 R# 9.72485 -4.49281 0.0 0 RGROUPS=(1 1)
+M  V30 26 H 8.88229 -4.57554 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 27 R# 9.7991 -5.97779 0.0 0 RGROUPS=(1 2)
+M  V30 27 C 8.93149 -6.24753 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 28 F 11.6744 -4.06377 0.0 0
+M  V30 28 O 9.78318 -6.7393 0.0 0 CHG=1
-M  V30 29 P 12.5318 -3.56877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 29 F 10.5241 -4.07553 0.0 0
-M  V30 30 F 13.3891 -4.06377 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 P 11.3758 -3.58377 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 31 F 12.5318 -2.57879 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 F 12.2276 -4.07553 0.0 0
-M  V30 32 F 11.6744 -3.07378 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 F 11.3758 -2.60024 0.0 0
-M  V30 33 F 13.3891 -3.07378 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 F 10.5241 -3.09201 0.0 0
-M  V30 34 F 12.5318 -4.55876 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 F 12.2276 -3.09201 0.0 0
-M  V30 35 F 11.6665 -7.62772 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 F 11.3758 -4.5673 0.0 0
-M  V30 36 P 12.5238 -7.13273 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 37 F 13.3812 -7.62772 0.0 0
-M  V30 38 F 12.5238 -6.14274 0.0 0
-M  V30 39 F 11.6665 -6.63773 0.0 0
-M  V30 40 F 13.3812 -6.63773 0.0 0
-M  V30 41 F 12.5238 -8.12271 0.0 0
 M  V30 END ATOM
 M  V30 BEGIN BOND
@@ Line 333: / Line 538: @@
 M  V30 31 10 25 26
 M  V30 32 10 25 27
-M  V30 33 1 28 29
+M  V30 33 3 27 28
 M  V30 34 1 29 30
-M  V30 35 1 29 31
+M  V30 35 1 30 31
-M  V30 36 1 29 32
+M  V30 36 1 30 32
-M  V30 37 1 29 33
+M  V30 37 1 30 33
-M  V30 38 1 29 34
+M  V30 38 1 30 34
-M  V30 39 1 35 36
+M  V30 39 1 30 35
-M  V30 40 1 36 37
-M  V30 41 1 36 38
-M  V30 42 1 36 39
-M  V30 43 1 36 40
-M  V30 44 1 36 41
 M  V30 END BOND
 M  V30 END CTAB
@@ Line 461: / Line 661: @@
 ==== Investigations ====
-{{#experimentlist:|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=Table 1}}
+{{#experimentlist: |form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=CO2 reduction experiments}}
-{{#experimentlist:|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=Table 2}}
+{{#experimentlist: |form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=Optimization of concentrations}}
 {{#experimentlist:|form=Cyclic_Voltammetry_experiments|name=Table 3 - CV}}
@@ Line 471: / Line 671: @@
 ==== Additives ====
-No additives were used in the described experiments.
+No additives were used in the described experiments.[[Category:Publication]]

Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:15, 5 July 2024

Abstract[edit | edit source]

Summary[edit | edit source]

Advances and special progress[edit | edit source]

Additional remarks[edit | edit source]

Content of the published article in detail[edit | edit source]

Catalysts[edit | edit source]

Photosensitizer[edit | edit source]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

Sacrificial electron donor[edit | edit source]

Additives[edit | edit source]

Investigations

Current site

Topics