Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:15, 5 July 2024

A photochemical reduction of CO₂ to formic acid was shown using a system containing an iridium-based photosensitizer, ruthenium photocatalyst and triethanolamine as the electron donor. Turnover numbers up to 526 and a selectivity of 80% towards formic acid were observed if the reaction was performed with [Ir(ppy)₂(bpy)]PF₆ ([Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]) as the photosensitizer and [Ru(bpy)₂(Cl)(CO)]PF₆ (100837) as the catalyst. The experiments were conducted under irradiation with Hg-lamp equipped with a λ=400–700 nm filter.

Advances and special progress[edit | edit source]

The employed photocatalytic system showed activity for the photoreduction of Na₂CO₃ to formic acid as well. A TON of 53 was observed after 5h reaction time.

Additional remarks[edit | edit source]

Experiments using different electron and proton donors such as triethylamine (TEA) and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) were unsuccessful as the observed activities were lower than those obtained in the presence of TEOA.

Content of the published article in detail[edit | edit source]

The article contains results for the reduction of CO2 to formic under visible-light catalysis using ruthenium complexes as catalysts, the iridium complex [Ir(ppy)₂(bpy)]PF₆ ([Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]) as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine as the electron donor. The catalytic system performs best (referring to the TON of HCOOH production) with [Ru(bpy)₂(Cl)(CO)]PF₆ (100837) as photocatalyst.

Catalysts[edit | edit source]

Ru(bpy)2Cl2 Ru(bpy)2CO3 [Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6] [Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6] [Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6] [Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]

Photosensitizer[edit | edit source]

[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

	cat	cat conc [µM]	PS	PS conc [mM]	e-D	solvent A	λexc [nm]	TON CO	TON H2	TON HCOOH
1.	Ru(bpy)2Cl2	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	1	2	13
2.	Ru(bpy)2CO3	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	2	4	21
3.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	13	8	62
4.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	8	8	34
5.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	7	9	40
6.	[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]	25	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	3	4	27

Investigation-Name: CO2 reduction experiments

	cat	cat conc [µM]	PS	PS conc [mM]	e-D	solvent A	λexc [nm]	TON CO	TON H2	TON HCOOH
1.	Ru(bpy)2Cl2	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	3	9	26
2.	Ru(bpy)2CO3	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	3	11	39
3.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	19	19	117
4.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	21	16	107
5.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	21	14	75
6.	[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]	6.2	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	4	12	64
7.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	3.1	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	36	33	296
8.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	3.1	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	16	29	145
9.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	3.1	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	34	28	211
10.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	40	67	419
11.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	25	62	225
12.	[Ru(bpy)(H2O)(CO)][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	45	65	335
13.	[Ru(bpy)(AcMe)2][PF6]	1.6	[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)][PF6]	0.025	TEOA	NMP	400 - 700	4	44	75

Investigation-Name: Optimization of concentrations

	analyte	reduction potential	solvent	electrolyte	WE	RE
1.	Ru(bpy)2Cl2	0,-2.11	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN
2.	Ru(bpy)2CO3	0.45,-1.97	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN
3.	[Ru(bpy)2ClCO][PF6]	1.22,-1.75	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN
4.	[Ru(bpy)2HCO][PF6]	1.20,-1.61	MeCN	TBABF4	glassy carbon	Ag/AgNO3 in MeCN

Investigation-Name: Table 3 - CV

Sacrificial electron donor[edit | edit source]

In this study, the experiments were done with the sacrificial electron donor TEOA (100507).

Additives[edit | edit source]

No additives were used in the described experiments.

Investigations

CO2 reduction experiments (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Optimization of concentrations (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Table 1 (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Table 2 (Molecular process, Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments)
Table 3 - CV (Assay, Cyclic Voltammetry experiments)

DOI	10.1002/cctc.201500494
Authors	Alonso Rosas-Hernández, Henrik Junge, Matthias Beller,
Submitted	26.08.2015
Published online	26.08.2015
Licenses	http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1,
Subjects	Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Catalysis
Go to literature page

Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:15, 5 July 2024

Contents

Abstract[edit | edit source]

Summary[edit | edit source]

Advances and special progress[edit | edit source]

Additional remarks[edit | edit source]

Content of the published article in detail[edit | edit source]

Catalysts[edit | edit source]

Photosensitizer[edit | edit source]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

Sacrificial electron donor[edit | edit source]

Additives[edit | edit source]

Investigations

Topics

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{BaseTemplate}}
 [[Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to HCOOH]]
-{{#doiinfobox: 10.1002/cctc.201500494 }}{{MissingInvestigation}}{{FaultyMolecule}}
+{{DOI|doi=10.1002/cctc.201500494 }}
+=== Abstract ===
-=== Catalysts ===
+==== Summary ====
-<chemform smiles="C1C=CN2~[Ru](~[*])(~[*])3(~N4C=CC=CC=4C4N~3=CC=CC=4)~N3C=CC=CC=3C=2C=1" inchi="" inchikey="" height="200px" width="300px" float="none" r1="Cl,Cl,H" r2="Cl,CO,CO">
+A photochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to formic acid was shown using a system containing an iridium-based photosensitizer, ruthenium photocatalyst and triethanolamine as the electron donor. Turnover numbers up to 526 and a selectivity of 80% towards formic acid were observed if the reaction was performed with [Ir(ppy)<sub>2</sub>(bpy)]PF<sub>6</sub> ({{#moleculelink:|link=RJJGJTKSOSSNNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N|image=false|width=300|height=200}}) as the photosensitizer and [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(Cl)(CO)]PF<sub>6</sub> ({{#moleculelink: |link=WUXWMOMXGWJDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M|image=false|width=300|height=200}}) as the catalyst.  The experiments were conducted under irradiation with Hg-lamp equipped with a ''λ''=400–700 nm filter.
-   -INDIGO-12122214162D
+==== Advances and special progress ====
+The employed photocatalytic system showed activity for the photoreduction of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> to formic acid as well. A TON of 53 was observed after 5h reaction time.
+==== Additional remarks ====
+Experiments using different electron and proton donors such as triethylamine (TEA) and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) were unsuccessful as the observed activities were lower than those obtained in the presence of TEOA.
+=== Content of the published article in detail ===
+The article contains results for the reduction of CO2 to formic under visible-light catalysis using ruthenium complexes as catalysts, the iridium complex [Ir(ppy)<sub>2</sub>(bpy)]PF<sub>6</sub> ({{#moleculelink:|link=RJJGJTKSOSSNNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N|image=false|width=300|height=200}}) as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine as the electron donor. The catalytic system performs best (referring to the TON of HCOOH production) with [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(Cl)(CO)]PF<sub>6</sub> ({{#moleculelink: |link=WUXWMOMXGWJDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M|image=false|width=300|height=200}}) as photocatalyst.
+==== Catalysts ====
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-M  V30 17 C 3.03485 -7.65502 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 5.64368 -7.36977 0.0 0
-M  V30 18 C 3.90382 -8.15003 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 C 6.38267 -7.79074 0.0 0
-M  V30 19 C 5.63166 -8.1497 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 7.85206 -7.79046 0.0 0
-M  V30 20 C 7.36196 -8.14639 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 9.32359 -7.78764 0.0 0
-M  V30 21 N 6.49763 -7.64818 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 N 8.5885 -7.36395 0.0 0
-M  V30 22 C 7.36359 -9.14733 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 9.32497 -8.63887 0.0 0
-M  V30 23 C 5.6333 -9.15464 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 7.85346 -8.64508 0.0 0
-M  V30 24 C 6.50308 -9.64824 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 8.59314 -9.06485 0.0 0
-M  V30 25 Ru 6.48118 -5.65053 0.0 0 CHG=2
+M  V30 25 Ru 8.56415 -5.60948 0.0 0 CHG=2
-M  V30 26 O 7.4971 -4.94171 0.0 0
+M  V30 26 O 9.93229 -4.65054 0.0 0
-M  V30 27 C 7.4972 -6.22553 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 27 C 9.98149 -6.32253 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 28 O 8.36323 -6.72553 0.0 0 CHG=1
+M  V30 28 O 10.8332 -6.8143 0.0 0 CHG=1
-M  V30 29 H 8.42404 -5.425 0.0 0
+M  V30 29 H 10.8388 -5.07273 0.0 0
-M  V30 30 H 7.55801 -3.925 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 H 9.84466 -3.65439 0.0 0
-M  V30 31 F 10.517 -3.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 F 11.5741 -4.15053 0.0 0
-M  V30 32 P 11.383 -3.35 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 32 P 12.4258 -3.65877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 33 F 12.249 -3.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 F 13.2776 -4.15053 0.0 0
-M  V30 34 F 11.383 -2.35 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 F 12.4258 -2.67524 0.0 0
-M  V30 35 F 10.517 -2.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 F 11.5741 -3.16701 0.0 0
-M  V30 36 F 12.249 -2.85 0.0 0
+M  V30 36 F 13.2776 -3.16701 0.0 0
-M  V30 37 F 11.383 -4.35 0.0 0
+M  V30 37 F 12.4258 -4.6423 0.0 0
-M  V30 38 F 11.209 -6.95 0.0 0
+M  V30 38 F 12.709 -7.35 0.0 0
-M  V30 39 P 12.075 -6.45 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 39 P 13.5749 -6.85 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 40 F 12.941 -6.95 0.0 0
+M  V30 40 F 14.441 -7.35 0.0 0
-M  V30 41 F 12.075 -5.45 0.0 0
+M  V30 41 F 13.5749 -5.84999 0.0 0
-M  V30 42 F 11.209 -5.95 0.0 0
+M  V30 42 F 12.709 -6.35 0.0 0
-M  V30 43 F 12.941 -5.95 0.0 0
+M  V30 43 F 14.441 -6.35 0.0 0
-M  V30 44 F 12.075 -7.45 0.0 0
+M  V30 44 F 13.5749 -7.85001 0.0 0
 M  V30 END ATOM
 M  V30 BEGIN BOND
@@ Line 230: / Line 329: @@
 M  V30 25 2 23 24
 M  V30 26 1 24 22
-M  V30 27 10 4 25
+M  V30 27 10 11 25
-M  V30 28 10 25 14
+M  V30 28 10 25 21
-M  V30 29 10 25 21
+M  V30 29 10 25 14
-M  V30 30 10 25 11
+M  V30 30 10 25 4
 M  V30 31 10 25 26
 M  V30 32 10 25 27
 M  V30 33 3 27 28
-M  V30 34 1 26 30
+M  V30 34 1 26 29
-M  V30 35 1 26 29
+M  V30 35 1 26 30
 M  V30 36 1 31 32
 M  V30 37 1 32 33
@@ Line 254: / Line 353: @@
 M  V30 END CTAB
 M  END
-</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CC2C3C=CC=CN=3~[Ru](~O=C(C)C)(~O=C(C)C)(~N=2C=1)1~N2C=CC=CC=2C2=N~1C=CC=C2" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.2C3H6O.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2*1-3(2)4;/h2*1-8H;2*1-2H3;" inchikey="XKWYLOQQGBAKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2](O=C(C)C)(O=C(C)C)3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.2C3H6O.2F6P.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2*1-3(2)4;2*1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/h2*1-8H;2*1-2H3;;;/q;;;;2*-1;+2" inchikey="MVHJANUNBKMKDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
-   -INDIGO-12122214242D
+   -INDIGO-02262411282D
   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
 M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
-M  V30 COUNTS 33 38 0 0 0
+M  V30 COUNTS 47 50 0 0 0
 M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
-M  V30 1 C 5.50573 -7.17225 0.0 0
+M  V30 1 F 12.1174 -3.75053 0.0 0
-M  V30 2 N 6.9043 -7.15427 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 P 12.9691 -3.25877 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 3 C 6.25586 -6.82978 0.0 0
+M  V30 3 F 13.8209 -3.75053 0.0 0
-M  V30 4 C 6.71695 -8.15589 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 F 12.9691 -2.27524 0.0 0
-M  V30 5 C 5.33916 -7.91747 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 F 12.1174 -2.76701 0.0 0
-M  V30 6 C 5.91415 -8.44484 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 F 13.8209 -2.76701 0.0 0
-M  V30 7 C 7.21625 -8.56484 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 F 12.9691 -4.2423 0.0 0
-M  V30 8 C 8.63947 -8.85859 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 F 12.0523 -6.85 0.0 0
-M  V30 9 N 8.10539 -8.15209 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 P 12.9182 -6.35 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 10 C 8.35907 -9.69478 0.0 0
+M  V30 10 F 13.7843 -6.85 0.0 0
-M  V30 11 C 7.06492 -9.39434 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 F 12.9182 -5.34999 0.0 0
-M  V30 12 C 7.62204 -9.91148 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 F 12.0523 -5.85 0.0 0
-M  V30 13 C 5.16785 -4.55363 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 F 13.7843 -5.85 0.0 0
-M  V30 14 C 6.51757 -4.39553 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 F 12.9182 -7.35001 0.0 0
-M  V30 15 C 5.78824 -4.09545 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 4.96571 -3.48512 0.0 0
-M  V30 16 N 6.77993 -5.43252 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 6.43719 -3.48472 0.0 0
-M  V30 17 C 5.28775 -5.36582 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 5.70285 -3.05983 0.0 0
-M  V30 18 C 6.08144 -5.77947 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 N 6.43719 -4.33594 0.0 0
-M  V30 19 C 6.75408 -3.2373 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 4.96571 -4.33976 0.0 0
-M  V30 20 C 8.12511 -3.00621 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 5.7047 -4.76073 0.0 0
-M  V30 21 C 7.36697 -2.72554 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 C 7.17388 -3.05985 0.0 0
-M  V30 22 C 8.36806 -3.8652 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 7.90901 -1.78515 0.0 0
-M  V30 23 C 7.00126 -4.13112 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 7.17395 -2.20882 0.0 0
-M  V30 24 N 7.89367 -4.47269 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 8.64632 -2.2106 0.0 0
-M  V30 25 Ru 8.41026 -6.26132 0.0 0
+M  V30 25 N 7.9141 -3.48701 0.0 0
-M  V30 26 O 9.24511 -5.12874 0.0 0
+M  V30 26 C 8.64809 -3.05737 0.0 0
-M  V30 27 O 9.35312 -7.066 0.0 0
+M  V30 27 C 4.98697 -6.01514 0.0 0
-M  V30 28 C 10.4996 -4.95962 0.0 0
+M  V30 28 N 6.45845 -6.01473 0.0 0
-M  V30 29 C 10.811 -3.86385 0.0 0
+M  V30 29 C 5.7241 -5.58984 0.0 0
-M  V30 30 C 11.3172 -5.67688 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 C 6.45845 -6.86595 0.0 0
-M  V30 31 C 10.0768 -7.51261 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 C 4.98697 -6.86977 0.0 0
-M  V30 32 C 10.9279 -7.12955 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 C 5.72596 -7.29074 0.0 0
-M  V30 33 C 10.103 -8.67227 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 C 7.19535 -7.29046 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 C 8.66688 -7.28764 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 N 7.93179 -6.86395 0.0 0
+M  V30 36 C 8.66826 -8.13887 0.0 0
+M  V30 37 C 7.19675 -8.14508 0.0 0
+M  V30 38 C 7.93643 -8.56485 0.0 0
+M  V30 39 Ru 7.90744 -5.10948 0.0 0 CHG=2
+M  V30 40 O 9.27558 -4.15054 0.0 0
+M  V30 41 O 9.32346 -5.80948 0.0 0
+M  V30 42 C 10.1416 -3.65054 0.0 0
+M  V30 43 C 10.1416 -2.65054 0.0 0
+M  V30 44 C 11.0076 -4.15054 0.0 0
+M  V30 45 C 10.1895 -6.30948 0.0 0
+M  V30 46 C 11.0555 -5.80948 0.0 0
+M  V30 47 C 10.1895 -7.30948 0.0 0
+M  V30 END ATOM
+M  V30 BEGIN BOND
+M  V30 1 1 1 2
+M  V30 2 1 2 3
+M  V30 3 1 2 4
+M  V30 4 1 2 5
+M  V30 5 1 2 6
+M  V30 6 1 2 7
+M  V30 7 1 8 9
+M  V30 8 1 9 10
+M  V30 9 1 9 11
+M  V30 10 1 9 12
+M  V30 11 1 9 13
+M  V30 12 1 9 14
+M  V30 13 2 17 15
+M  V30 14 2 18 16
+M  V30 15 1 15 19
+M  V30 16 1 16 17
+M  V30 17 2 19 20
+M  V30 18 1 20 18
+M  V30 19 1 16 21
+M  V30 20 2 23 21
+M  V30 21 2 24 22
+M  V30 22 1 21 25
+M  V30 23 1 22 23
+M  V30 24 2 25 26
+M  V30 25 1 26 24
+M  V30 26 2 29 27
+M  V30 27 2 30 28
+M  V30 28 1 27 31
+M  V30 29 1 28 29
+M  V30 30 2 31 32
+M  V30 31 1 32 30
+M  V30 32 1 30 33
+M  V30 33 2 35 33
+M  V30 34 2 36 34
+M  V30 35 1 33 37
+M  V30 36 1 34 35
+M  V30 37 2 37 38
+M  V30 38 1 38 36
+M  V30 39 10 25 39
+M  V30 40 10 39 35
+M  V30 41 10 39 28
+M  V30 42 10 39 18
+M  V30 43 10 39 40
+M  V30 44 10 39 41
+M  V30 45 2 40 42
+M  V30 46 1 42 43
+M  V30 47 1 42 44
+M  V30 48 2 41 45
+M  V30 49 1 45 46
+M  V30 50 1 45 47
+M  V30 END BOND
+M  V30 END CTAB
+M  END
+</chemform><chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru+2]([C-]#[O+])([H-])3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CO.F6P.Ru.H/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;1-2;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;;/h2*1-8H;;;;/q;;;-1;+2;-1" inchikey="HJTHNVDYVJWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+  -INDIGO-02262411182D
+  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
+M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
+M  V30 COUNTS 35 39 0 0 0
+M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
+M  V30 1 C 4.57242 -3.91012 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 C 6.0439 -3.90972 0.0 0
+M  V30 3 C 5.30956 -3.48483 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 N 6.0439 -4.76094 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 C 4.57242 -4.76476 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 C 5.31141 -5.18573 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 C 6.78059 -3.48485 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 C 7.51572 -2.21015 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 C 6.78066 -2.63382 0.0 0
+M  V30 10 C 8.25303 -2.6356 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 N 7.52081 -3.91201 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 C 8.2548 -3.48237 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 C 4.59368 -6.44014 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 N 6.06516 -6.43973 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 5.33081 -6.01484 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 6.06516 -7.29095 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 4.59368 -7.29477 0.0 0
+M  V30 18 C 5.33267 -7.71574 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 6.80206 -7.71546 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 8.27359 -7.71264 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 N 7.5385 -7.28895 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 8.27497 -8.56387 0.0 0
+M  V30 23 C 6.80346 -8.57008 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 7.54314 -8.98985 0.0 0
+M  V30 25 Ru 7.51415 -5.53448 0.0 0 CHG=2
+M  V30 26 H 8.88229 -4.57554 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 27 C 8.93149 -6.24753 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 28 O 9.78318 -6.7393 0.0 0 CHG=1
+M  V30 29 F 10.5241 -4.07553 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 P 11.3758 -3.58377 0.0 0 CHG=-1
+M  V30 31 F 12.2276 -4.07553 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 F 11.3758 -2.60024 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 F 10.5241 -3.09201 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 F 12.2276 -3.09201 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 F 11.3758 -4.5673 0.0 0
 M  V30 END ATOM
 M  V30 BEGIN BOND
@@ Line 302: / Line 512: @@
 M  V30 5 2 5 6
 M  V30 6 1 6 4
-M  V30 7 2 9 7
+M  V30 7 1 2 7
-M  V30 8 2 10 8
+M  V30 8 2 9 7
-M  V30 9 1 7 11
+M  V30 9 2 10 8
-M  V30 10 1 8 9
+M  V30 10 1 7 11
-M  V30 11 2 11 12
+M  V30 11 1 8 9
-M  V30 12 1 12 10
+M  V30 12 2 11 12
-M  V30 13 2 15 13
+M  V30 13 1 12 10
-M  V30 14 2 16 14
+M  V30 14 2 15 13
-M  V30 15 1 13 17
+M  V30 15 2 16 14
-M  V30 16 1 14 15
+M  V30 16 1 13 17
-M  V30 17 2 17 18
+M  V30 17 1 14 15
-M  V30 18 1 18 16
+M  V30 18 2 17 18
-M  V30 19 2 21 19
+M  V30 19 1 18 16
-M  V30 20 2 22 20
+M  V30 20 1 16 19
-M  V30 21 1 19 23
+M  V30 21 2 21 19
-M  V30 22 1 20 21
+M  V30 22 2 22 20
-M  V30 23 2 23 24
+M  V30 23 1 19 23
-M  V30 24 1 24 22
+M  V30 24 1 20 21
-M  V30 25 1 14 23
+M  V30 25 2 23 24
-M  V30 26 1 4 7
+M  V30 26 1 24 22
-M  V30 27 2 26 28
+M  V30 27 10 11 25
-M  V30 28 1 28 29
+M  V30 28 10 25 21
-M  V30 29 1 28 30
+M  V30 29 10 25 14
-M  V30 30 2 27 31
+M  V30 30 10 25 4
-M  V30 31 1 31 32
+M  V30 31 10 25 26
-M  V30 32 1 31 33
+M  V30 32 10 25 27
-M  V30 33 8 24 25
+M  V30 33 3 27 28
-M  V30 34 8 16 25
+M  V30 34 1 29 30
-M  V30 35 8 2 25
+M  V30 35 1 30 31
-M  V30 36 8 9 25
+M  V30 36 1 30 32
-M  V30 37 8 27 25
+M  V30 37 1 30 33
-M  V30 38 8 26 25
+M  V30 38 1 30 34
+M  V30 39 1 30 35
 M  V30 END BOND
 M  V30 END CTAB
 M  END
 </chemform>
-=== Photosensitizer ===
-<chemform smiles="C1C2C3C=CC=CC=3~[Ir]3(~C4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=4~3)3(~N4=C(C5N~3=CC=CC=5)C=CC=C4)~N=2C=CC=1.P(F)(F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C11H9N.C10H8N2.F6P.Ir/c2*1-2-6-10(7-3-1)11-8-4-5-9-12-11;1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/h2*1-9H;1-8H;;" inchikey="YLYRMTZQAOANTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+==== Photosensitizer ====
-   -INDIGO-12122214422D
+<chemform smiles="C1C=C[C-]2[Ir+3]3([C-]4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)3(N4=CC=CC=C4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1.[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)(F)F" inchi="1S/2C11H8N.C10H8N2.F6P.Ir/c2*1-2-6-10(7-3-1)11-8-4-5-9-12-11;1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/h2*1-6,8-9H;1-8H;;/q2*-1;;-1;+3" inchikey="RJJGJTKSOSSNNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+   -INDIGO-08012317142D
   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
@@ Line 346: / Line 558: @@
 M  V30 COUNTS 44 51 0 0 0
 M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
-M  V30 1 C 6.86521 -4.85135 0.0 0
+M  V30 1 C 4.03485 -3.90007 0.0 0
-M  V30 2 C 8.41771 -4.69374 0.0 0
+M  V30 2 C 5.76515 -3.89959 0.0 0
-M  V30 3 C 7.49611 -4.29588 0.0 0
+M  V30 3 C 4.90164 -3.39997 0.0 0
-M  V30 4 C 8.59253 -5.83511 0.0 0
+M  V30 4 C 5.76515 -4.90053 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 5 C 7.08033 -5.78282 0.0 0
+M  V30 5 C 4.03485 -4.90502 0.0 0
-M  V30 6 N 8.11488 -6.23567 0.0 0
+M  V30 6 C 4.90382 -5.40003 0.0 0
-M  V30 7 C 4.87789 -6.03109 0.0 0
+M  V30 7 C 6.63141 -3.39999 0.0 0
-M  V30 8 C 6.55161 -6.17412 0.0 0
+M  V30 8 C 7.49583 -1.90109 0.0 0
-M  V30 9 C 5.65652 -5.63903 0.0 0
+M  V30 9 C 6.63149 -2.39928 0.0 0
-M  V30 10 C 6.70386 -7.1489 0.0 0
+M  V30 10 C 8.36278 -2.40138 0.0 0
-M  V30 11 C 4.86086 -7.04446 0.0 0
+M  V30 11 N 7.50182 -3.90229 0.0 0
-M  V30 12 C 5.78608 -7.65601 0.0 0
+M  V30 12 C 8.3649 -3.39706 0.0 0
-M  V30 13 C 8.0594 -9.2927 0.0 0
+M  V30 13 C 4.08485 -6.82507 0.0 0
-M  V30 14 C 9.54214 -8.78128 0.0 0
+M  V30 14 C 5.81515 -6.82459 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 15 N 8.79341 -8.63647 0.0 0
+M  V30 15 C 4.95164 -6.32497 0.0 0
-M  V30 16 C 9.81309 -9.84419 0.0 0
+M  V30 16 C 5.81515 -7.82553 0.0 0
-M  V30 17 C 8.29341 -10.2043 0.0 0
+M  V30 17 C 4.08485 -7.83002 0.0 0
-M  V30 18 C 9.12893 -10.5036 0.0 0
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-M  V30 19 C 9.10181 -5.24617 0.0 0
+M  V30 19 C 6.68166 -8.3247 0.0 0
-M  V30 20 C 10.8976 -5.28114 0.0 0
+M  V30 20 C 8.41196 -8.32139 0.0 0
-M  V30 21 C 10.0549 -4.75542 0.0 0
+M  V30 21 N 7.54763 -7.82318 0.0 0
-M  V30 22 C 10.8699 -6.15407 0.0 0
+M  V30 22 C 8.41359 -9.32233 0.0 0
-M  V30 23 N 9.1085 -6.4053 0.0 0
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-M  V30 24 C 10.0024 -6.72701 0.0 0
+M  V30 24 C 7.55308 -9.82324 0.0 0
-M  V30 25 C 10.2008 -7.25568 0.0 0
+M  V30 25 C 9.35985 -3.77507 0.0 0
-M  V30 26 C 11.7569 -8.07717 0.0 0
+M  V30 26 C 11.0902 -3.77459 0.0 0
-M  V30 27 C 11.2664 -7.30936 0.0 0
+M  V30 27 C 10.2266 -3.27497 0.0 0
-M  V30 28 C 11.2618 -8.93626 0.0 0
+M  V30 28 C 11.0902 -4.77553 0.0 0
-M  V30 29 N 9.55862 -7.95889 0.0 0
+M  V30 29 N 9.35985 -4.78002 0.0 0
-M  V30 30 C 10.1287 -8.92474 0.0 0
+M  V30 30 C 10.2288 -5.27503 0.0 0
-M  V30 31 Ir 8.17869 -7.44217 0.0 0
+M  V30 31 C 10.2327 -6.27503 0.0 0
-M  V30 32 C 5.79321 -8.64181 0.0 0
+M  V30 32 C 11.105 -7.76933 0.0 0
-M  V30 33 C 7.16286 -8.04741 0.0 0
+M  V30 33 C 11.1014 -6.7717 0.0 0
-M  V30 34 C 6.53603 -7.81358 0.0 0
+M  V30 34 C 10.2405 -8.27372 0.0 0
-M  V30 35 C 7.38389 -9.10258 0.0 0
+M  V30 35 N 9.36465 -6.78143 0.0 0
-M  V30 36 C 6.06915 -9.51366 0.0 0
+M  V30 36 C 9.37498 -7.78146 0.0 0
-M  V30 37 C 6.79378 -9.63661 0.0 0
+M  V30 37 Ir 7.55 -5.775 0.0 0 CHG=3
-M  V30 38 P 14.3 -3.6 0.0 0
+M  V30 38 P 13.517 -3.7 0.0 0 CHG=-1
-M  V30 39 F 14.3 -2.6 0.0 0
+M  V30 39 F 14.383 -3.2 0.0 0
-M  V30 40 F 15.3 -3.6 0.0 0
+M  V30 40 F 12.651 -3.2 0.0 0
-M  V30 41 F 13.3 -3.6 0.0 0
+M  V30 41 F 13.517 -4.7 0.0 0
-M  V30 42 F 14.3 -4.6 0.0 0
+M  V30 42 F 14.383 -4.2 0.0 0
-M  V30 43 F 15.0071 -4.30711 0.0 0
+M  V30 43 F 13.517 -2.7 0.0 0
-M  V30 44 F 13.5929 -2.89289 0.0 0
+M  V30 44 F 12.651 -4.2 0.0 0
 M  V30 END ATOM
 M  V30 BEGIN BOND
@@ Line 398: / Line 610: @@
 M  V30 5 2 5 6
 M  V30 6 1 6 4
-M  V30 7 2 9 7
+M  V30 7 1 2 7
-M  V30 8 2 10 8
+M  V30 8 2 9 7
-M  V30 9 1 7 11
+M  V30 9 2 10 8
-M  V30 10 1 8 9
+M  V30 10 1 7 11
-M  V30 11 2 11 12
+M  V30 11 1 8 9
-M  V30 12 1 12 10
+M  V30 12 2 11 12
-M  V30 13 2 15 13
+M  V30 13 1 12 10
-M  V30 14 2 16 14
+M  V30 14 2 15 13
-M  V30 15 1 13 17
+M  V30 15 2 16 14
-M  V30 16 1 14 15
+M  V30 16 1 13 17
-M  V30 17 2 17 18
+M  V30 17 1 14 15
-M  V30 18 1 18 16
+M  V30 18 2 17 18
-M  V30 19 2 21 19
+M  V30 19 1 18 16
-M  V30 20 2 22 20
+M  V30 20 1 16 19
-M  V30 21 1 19 23
+M  V30 21 2 21 19
-M  V30 22 1 20 21
+M  V30 22 2 22 20
-M  V30 23 2 23 24
+M  V30 23 1 19 23
-M  V30 24 1 24 22
+M  V30 24 1 20 21
-M  V30 25 2 27 25
+M  V30 25 2 23 24
-M  V30 26 2 28 26
+M  V30 26 1 24 22
-M  V30 27 1 25 29
+M  V30 27 2 27 25
-M  V30 28 1 26 27
+M  V30 28 2 28 26
-M  V30 29 2 29 30
+M  V30 29 1 25 29
-M  V30 30 1 30 28
+M  V30 30 1 26 27
-M  V30 31 1 8 5
+M  V30 31 2 29 30
-M  V30 32 1 24 25
+M  V30 32 1 30 28
-M  V30 33 8 6 31
+M  V30 33 1 30 31
-M  V30 34 8 10 31
+M  V30 34 2 33 31
-M  V30 35 8 15 31
+M  V30 35 2 34 32
-M  V30 36 8 31 29
+M  V30 36 1 31 35
-M  V30 37 8 23 31
+M  V30 37 1 32 33
-M  V30 38 2 34 32
+M  V30 38 2 35 36
-M  V30 39 2 35 33
+M  V30 39 1 36 34
-M  V30 40 1 32 36
+M  V30 40 10 11 37
-M  V30 41 1 33 34
+M  V30 41 10 37 29
-M  V30 42 2 36 37
+M  V30 42 10 35 37
-M  V30 43 1 37 35
+M  V30 43 10 37 21
-M  V30 44 1 35 13
+M  V30 44 10 14 37
-M  V30 45 8 33 31
+M  V30 45 10 37 4
 M  V30 46 1 38 39
 M  V30 47 1 38 40
@@ Line 448: / Line 660: @@
 </chemform>
-=== Sacrificial electron donor ===
+==== Investigations ====
-<chemform smiles="N(CCO)(CCO)CCO" inchi="1S/C6H15NO3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h8-10H,1-6H2" inchikey="GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none">
+{{#experimentlist: |form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=CO2 reduction experiments}}
-  -INDIGO-12122214492D
-  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 V3000
+{{#experimentlist: |form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=Optimization of concentrations}}
-M  V30 BEGIN CTAB
-M  V30 COUNTS 10 9 0 0 0
+{{#experimentlist:|form=Cyclic_Voltammetry_experiments|name=Table 3 - CV}}
-M  V30 BEGIN ATOM
-M  V30 1 N 8.45 -5.25 0.0 0
-M  V30 2 C 9.31603 -4.75 0.0 0
-M  V30 3 C 10.1821 -5.25 0.0 0
-M  V30 4 C 8.70882 -6.21593 0.0 0
-M  V30 5 C 8.20882 -7.08195 0.0 0
-M  V30 6 C 7.45 -5.25 0.0 0
-M  V30 7 C 6.975 -4.43397 0.0 0
-M  V30 8 O 5.97501 -4.43751 0.0 0
-M  V30 9 O 11.0481 -4.74998 0.0 0
-M  V30 10 O 8.70882 -7.94798 0.0 0
-M  V30 END ATOM
-M  V30 BEGIN BOND
-M  V30 1 1 1 2
-M  V30 2 1 2 3
-M  V30 3 1 1 4
-M  V30 4 1 4 5
-M  V30 5 1 1 6
-M  V30 6 1 6 7
-M  V30 7 1 7 8
-M  V30 8 1 3 9
-M  V30 9 1 5 10
-M  V30 END BOND
-M  V30 END CTAB
-M  END
-</chemform>
-=== Investigations ===
-{{#experimentlist:|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=Table 1}}
-{{#experimentlist:|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=Table 2}}
+==== Sacrificial electron donor ====
+In this study, the experiments were done with the sacrificial electron donor TEOA ([[Molecule:100507|100507]]).
-{{#experimentlist:|form=Cyclic_Voltammetry_experiments|name=Table 3 - CV}}
+==== Additives ====
+No additives were used in the described experiments.[[Category:Publication]]

Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid using Ruthenium(II)-Based Catalysts and Visible Light: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:15, 5 July 2024

Abstract[edit | edit source]

Summary[edit | edit source]

Advances and special progress[edit | edit source]

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Content of the published article in detail[edit | edit source]

Catalysts[edit | edit source]

Photosensitizer[edit | edit source]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

Sacrificial electron donor[edit | edit source]

Additives[edit | edit source]

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