https://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=WikiSysopChemWiki - User contributions [en]2026-06-21T14:37:24ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.0https://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Iron(II)_bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline_complexes_as_robust_and_efficient_homogeneous_catalysts_for_CO2-to-CO_conversion_under_visible_light-old-prompt&diff=11081Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light-old-prompt2026-06-19T14:20:54Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>Imported from: /opt/uploadtmp/1-s2.0-S0021951726000072-main_6a2ac338eeb49.pdf<br />
<br />
{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
{{DOI|doi=10.1016/j.jcat.2026.116673-old-prompt}}<br />
<br />
== Abstract Summary ==<br />
This article describes a homogeneous molecular photocatalytic system for the visible-light reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO using iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as catalysts. The system combines an Fe catalyst, [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as photosensitizer, and BIH as sacrificial electron donor in CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated MeCN/H<sub>2</sub>O.<br />
<br />
All four iron complexes were active for CO formation. The best overall catalyst under the standard screening conditions was Fe2, which gave a turnover number for CO of 1318 with 84% CO selectivity. Under lower catalyst loading, Fe2 reached a much higher CO turnover number of 23,138 with up to 91% CO selectivity. The study also shows that modest amounts of water are essential for efficient catalysis, and that the catalytic system operates homogeneously, with loss of activity attributed mainly to photosensitizer deterioration rather than catalyst decomposition.<br />
<br />
== Advances and Special Progress ==<br />
The article presents several advances that are explicitly supported by the reported data:<br />
<br />
* '''New catalyst family for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction''': The work introduces Fe(II) complexes bearing bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline ligands as molecular catalysts for visible-light-driven CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO conversion. The article identifies this ligand platform as previously underexplored for this reaction.<br />
* '''Use of an earth-abundant catalytic metal''': The catalytic center is iron, rather than a precious-metal catalyst.<br />
* '''High activity at low catalyst loading''': Fe2 achieved a reported TON<sub>CO</sub> of 23,138 at 3.12 μM catalyst loading.<br />
* '''High CO selectivity''': Fe4 reached 91% CO selectivity under the catalyst comparison conditions, and Fe2 reached up to 94% CO selectivity at reduced catalyst loading.<br />
* '''Water-compatible mixed-solvent operation''': Efficient catalysis was observed in MeCN/H<sub>2</sub>O mixtures, with 7.5-10% water identified as especially effective.<br />
* '''Mechanistic support from multiple methods''': The article combines UV/Vis spectroscopy, DFT and TD-DFT calculations, cyclic voltammetry, control experiments, mercury poisoning tests, and Stern-Volmer emission quenching analysis to support its mechanistic interpretation.<br />
* '''Evidence for homogeneous catalysis and catalyst robustness''': Mercury poisoning experiments did not suppress activity, and additional experiments indicated that the main deactivation pathway is deterioration of the photosensitizer rather than rapid destruction of the Fe catalyst.<br />
<br />
== Additional Remarks ==<br />
Photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO is chemically important because CO is a useful carbon-containing product and can serve as a precursor in further synthesis. This study uses a sacrificial photochemical system, which is useful for mechanistic study and catalyst evaluation but still depends on a separate sacrificial electron donor.<br />
<br />
The catalytic system also relies on a ruthenium photosensitizer, so the full photocatalytic assembly is not composed entirely of earth-abundant components, even though the catalyst itself is iron-based.<br />
<br />
The work shows a clear competition between CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and H<sub>2</sub> evolution. Product selectivity depends strongly on catalyst structure, catalyst loading, and water content. Water is beneficial up to a point, but too much water lowers activity, which the article attributes in part to poor BIH solubility in more aqueous media.<br />
<br />
The article presents useful mechanistic evidence, but the mechanism remains an interpretation based on spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and control studies rather than direct observation of every catalytic intermediate.<br />
<br />
== Content of the Published Article in Detail ==<br />
The molecular photocatalytic system contains three essential functional components:<br />
<br />
* an iron complex catalyst from the Fe1-Fe4 series,<br />
* [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as photosensitizer,<br />
* BIH as sacrificial electron donor.<br />
<br />
The photocatalytic reactions were carried out in a borosilicate photoreactor containing a CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated MeCN/H<sub>2</sub>O solution. The standard reaction mixture used 50 μM catalyst, 0.3 mM [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, and 0.11 M BIH in 4.0 mL solvent, with irradiation at 462 nm. CO and H<sub>2</sub> formed in the headspace were quantified by gas chromatography. The article states that no significant amounts of formate or CH<sub>4</sub> were detected.<br />
<br />
=== Molecular components and catalyst series ===<br />
The Fe catalysts are iron(II) complexes supported by tetradentate bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline ligands, with two water ligands in the coordination sphere. The ligand substituents were systematically varied:<br />
<br />
* Fe1: unsubstituted pyrazolyl units<br />
* Fe2: 3,5-dimethyl-substituted pyrazolyl units<br />
* Fe3: diphenyl-substituted pyrazolyl units<br />
* Fe4: CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted pyrazolyl units<br />
<br />
The article reports that all complexes are high-spin Fe(II) species with distorted octahedral geometries. DFT calculations support a quintet ground state for all four complexes.<br />
<br />
=== Optical and electronic properties ===<br />
UV/Vis spectra showed strong absorptions in the ultraviolet region, assigned mainly to ligand-centered π-π* transitions. Much weaker bands at longer wavelength were assigned to forbidden transitions. TD-DFT calculations supported these assignments.<br />
<br />
The article emphasizes that the optical features do not indicate that the Fe complexes themselves are acting as the main light absorbers in the catalytic system. Instead, the ruthenium complex serves as the photosensitizer.<br />
<br />
Electrochemical measurements showed two reduction waves for the Fe complexes. The article discusses whether these could be metal-centered or ligand-centered reductions, and concludes from DFT orbital analysis that the reductions are primarily ligand-centered. The reduced states are described as species such as [Fe(L•−)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> and [Fe(L<sup>2•−</sup>)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>0</sup>.<br />
<br />
=== Photocatalytic behavior and component necessity ===<br />
Control experiments showed that no significant CO or H<sub>2</sub> formation occurred in the absence of light, catalyst, photosensitizer, sacrificial electron donor, or under Ar instead of CO<sub>2</sub>. Replacing the defined Fe catalyst with Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> gave only minor amounts of CO and H<sub>2</sub>, which supports the need for the molecularly defined catalyst.<br />
<br />
These observations establish that productive photocatalysis requires the full multicomponent system and that free Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions alone do not account for the reported activity.<br />
<br />
=== Quenching and initial photochemical steps ===<br />
The article uses DFT energy alignment and Stern-Volmer emission quenching experiments to discuss the first electron-transfer steps.<br />
<br />
After light absorption by [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, the article considers quenching of the excited state by BIH and by the Fe complexes. The quenching experiments show that both BIH and the Fe complexes can quench the emission of the ruthenium photosensitizer, but BIH is much more efficient. The reported Stern-Volmer and quenching-rate data support BIH as the dominant quencher under the reaction conditions.<br />
<br />
Based on the orbital energy analysis, the article proposes that:<br />
<br />
* '''reductive quenching''' of the excited [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> by BIH is energetically favorable,<br />
* '''oxidative quenching''' by the Fe complexes is also energetically possible in principle,<br />
* but the quenching measurements show that BIH is the major excited-state quencher.<br />
<br />
Thus, the data support a mechanism in which the ruthenium photosensitizer is primarily reductively quenched by BIH.<br />
<br />
=== Role of BIH ===<br />
BIH acts as the sacrificial electron donor. The article shows that no photocatalytic CO or H<sub>2</sub> production occurs without BIH. Increasing BIH concentration increases photocatalytic performance up to 0.11 M under the tested conditions, while further increase to 0.165 M does not substantially improve activity.<br />
<br />
In mechanistic terms, BIH is presented as the reagent that reduces the excited photosensitizer, thereby enabling downstream electron transfer to the Fe catalyst.<br />
<br />
=== Electron transfer to the Fe catalyst ===<br />
The article proposes that reduced [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> can reduce the Fe catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry was used to examine catalyst behavior in the potential region accessible to the reduced photosensitizer. Within that range, the first reduction event of the Fe complexes is sufficiently accessible, and under CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere the voltammetric behavior changes in a way consistent with reaction of the reduced iron species with CO<sub>2</sub>.<br />
<br />
The article therefore concludes that single-electron reduction of the Fe bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes is sufficient to activate the catalyst toward CO<sub>2</sub> reduction under the photocatalytic conditions.<br />
<br />
=== CO2 activation and CO formation ===<br />
Direct observation of a catalytic CO<sub>2</sub>-bound intermediate is not reported. However, the article discusses the reduction chemistry in terms of reduced Fe-ligand states reacting with CO<sub>2</sub>. It also states that proton-coupled electron transfer is essential for catalysis and specifically mentions reactive intermediates such as Fe-COOH in the discussion of the role of water.<br />
<br />
Thus, the mechanistic interpretation supported by the article is that:<br />
<br />
# light excitation occurs at [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>,<br />
# BIH reductively quenches the excited photosensitizer,<br />
# the resulting reduced photosensitizer transfers an electron to the Fe catalyst,<br />
# the reduced Fe catalyst reacts with CO<sub>2</sub>,<br />
# proton-coupled electron transfer steps convert the CO<sub>2</sub>-derived intermediate toward CO formation,<br />
# CO is released, and H<sub>2</sub> evolution competes as a side reaction.<br />
<br />
The article does not report direct spectroscopic detection of the Fe-COOH intermediate; this is presented as mechanistic interpretation rather than direct observation.<br />
<br />
=== Role of water and proton transfer ===<br />
Water strongly affects catalytic performance. In anhydrous MeCN, CO production was essentially suppressed. Addition of 7.5-10% water caused a large increase in both activity and CO selectivity. The article interprets this as evidence that water is important for proton-coupled electron transfer and for stabilization of catalytic intermediates, including by hydrogen bonding.<br />
<br />
At higher water fractions, activity decreases. The article attributes this partly to reduced BIH availability because BIH is poorly soluble in more aqueous media. Therefore, water is beneficial but only within a limited composition range.<br />
<br />
=== Product distribution ===<br />
The major desired product is CO. H<sub>2</sub> is the principal side product. The article states that no significant CH<sub>4</sub> or formate was detected.<br />
<br />
Under the standard 24 h catalyst comparison conditions, Fe2 gave the highest CO turnover number, while Fe4 gave the highest CO selectivity. At lower catalyst concentration, Fe2 gave much larger TON values while maintaining high CO selectivity.<br />
<br />
=== Evidence for homogeneous catalysis and deactivation pathway ===<br />
The article reports mercury poisoning tests. Since activity was essentially unchanged in the presence of mercury, the authors interpret this as evidence against catalysis by iron nanoparticles or colloidal metal species.<br />
<br />
The article also examined catalyst longevity indirectly. Activity increased early and then approached a plateau. Because BIH was present in excess, the article argues that the main cause of deactivation is not BIH depletion. UV/Vis observations indicated deterioration of the ruthenium photosensitizer upon prolonged irradiation. Adding more photosensitizer after 24 h restored additional CO production. These results support the conclusion that the Fe catalyst is relatively robust and that photosensitizer degradation is the main deactivation process under the reported conditions.<br />
<br />
== Catalyst ==<br />
The catalysts are a series of homogeneous molecular iron(II) complexes, Fe1-Fe4, formulated as [Fe(bpzRphen)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]X<sub>2</sub>, where the ligand is a tetradentate bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline derivative and X is BF<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> or ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> depending on the complex.<br />
<br />
Chemically relevant features explicitly reported in the article are:<br />
<br />
* '''metal center''': Fe(II)<br />
* '''catalyst type''': homogeneous molecular catalyst<br />
* '''coordination environment''': distorted octahedral geometry with tetradentate bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline ligand and two water ligands<br />
* '''spin state''': high-spin quintet ground state<br />
* '''redox behavior''': reductions are primarily ligand-centered according to electrochemical and DFT analysis<br />
* '''catalytic role''': reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO under visible light in combination with an external photosensitizer and sacrificial electron donor<br />
* '''structure-performance relationship''':<br />
** Fe2 gave the highest CO turnover number under the catalyst screening conditions<br />
** Fe4 gave the highest CO selectivity in that screening series<br />
* '''stability''': the catalytic system was interpreted as homogeneous and reasonably robust; deactivation was mainly associated with photosensitizer deterioration rather than rapid loss of the Fe catalyst<br />
<br />
Fe2 is the best-performing catalyst in the article under most optimized conditions. Fe4 is notable for high CO selectivity. The article also notes that weak hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted ligand of Fe4 may contribute to its enhanced CO selectivity.<br />
<br />
== Photosensitizer ==<br />
The photosensitizer is [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>.<br />
<br />
The article explicitly supports the following points:<br />
<br />
* '''identity''': [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup><br />
* '''class''': ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer<br />
* '''role''': absorbs visible light and initiates the photoredox sequence<br />
* '''excited-state behavior''': its emission is quenched by BIH and by the Fe catalysts<br />
* '''dominant quenching pathway''': BIH is the dominant quencher according to Stern-Volmer analysis and quenching-rate constants<br />
* '''mechanistic function''': after reductive quenching by BIH, the reduced photosensitizer is proposed to transfer an electron to the Fe catalyst<br />
* '''stability limitation''': prolonged irradiation causes deterioration of the photosensitizer, and this is identified as the main deactivation pathway of the overall photocatalytic system<br />
<br />
The article therefore presents [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as an effective visible-light absorber and redox mediator, but also as the least durable component under long irradiation times.<br />
<br />
== Investigation ==<br />
{{#experimentlist:|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=inv0}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
[[Category: Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
[[Category: CO2 conversion]]<br />
[[Category: Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO]]<br />
[[Category: CO conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Iron(II)_bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline_complexes_as_robust_and_efficient_homogeneous_catalysts_for_CO2-to-CO_conversion_under_visible_light-old-prompt/inv0&diff=11080Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light-old-prompt/inv02026-06-19T14:20:31Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop moved page Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light/inv0 to Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light-old-prompt/inv0 without leaving a redirect: Allow import with new prompt</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|experiments={{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe1<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=987<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=41.1<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=187<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=1318<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=54.9<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=243<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe3<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=847<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=35.3<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=205<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe4<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=1265<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=52.7<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=133<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=4<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=311<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=77.7<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=51<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=48<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=1578<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=32.9<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=296<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=96<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=1593<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=16.6<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=300<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=2<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=not reported<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=22<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=<br />
|H-D conc=<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=1352<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=56.3<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=285<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=661<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=27.5<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=191<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=50<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=621<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=25.8<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=77<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=25<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=2086<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=86.9<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=123<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=12.5<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=4259<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=177.4<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=276<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=6.25<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=10168<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=423.7<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=862<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=3.12<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=24<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=23138<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=964.1<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=2177<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion<br />
|catalyst=Fe2<br />
|cat conc=3.12<br />
|PS=[Ru(bpy)3]2+<br />
|PS conc=0.3<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.11<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|solvent B=Molecule:100616<br />
|solvent C=<br />
|solvent-ratio=not reported<br />
|additives=<br />
|additives conc=<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|intensity=<br />
|pH=<br />
|Temperature=35<br />
|λexc=462<br />
|irr time=4<br />
|Turnover_number__CO=9754<br />
|Turnover_frequency__CO=2438<br />
|Quantum_yield__CO=8.24<br />
|Turnover_number__CH4=<br />
|Turnover_number__H2=not reported<br />
|Turnover_frequency__H2=<br />
|Turnover_number__HCOOH=<br />
|Turnover_frequency__HCOOH=<br />
|Quantum_yield__HCOOH=<br />
|H-D=Molecule:100616<br />
|H-D conc=not reported<br />
}}<br />
}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Iron(II)_bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline_complexes_as_robust_and_efficient_homogeneous_catalysts_for_CO2-to-CO_conversion_under_visible_light-old-prompt&diff=11079Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light-old-prompt2026-06-19T14:20:31Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop moved page Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light to Iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as robust and efficient homogeneous catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion under visible light-old-prompt without leaving a redirect: Allow import with new prompt</p>
<hr />
<div>Imported from: /opt/uploadtmp/1-s2.0-S0021951726000072-main_6a2ac338eeb49.pdf<br />
<br />
{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
{{DOI|doi=10.1016/j.jcat.2026.116673}}<br />
<br />
== Abstract Summary ==<br />
This article describes a homogeneous molecular photocatalytic system for the visible-light reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO using iron(II) bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes as catalysts. The system combines an Fe catalyst, [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as photosensitizer, and BIH as sacrificial electron donor in CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated MeCN/H<sub>2</sub>O.<br />
<br />
All four iron complexes were active for CO formation. The best overall catalyst under the standard screening conditions was Fe2, which gave a turnover number for CO of 1318 with 84% CO selectivity. Under lower catalyst loading, Fe2 reached a much higher CO turnover number of 23,138 with up to 91% CO selectivity. The study also shows that modest amounts of water are essential for efficient catalysis, and that the catalytic system operates homogeneously, with loss of activity attributed mainly to photosensitizer deterioration rather than catalyst decomposition.<br />
<br />
== Advances and Special Progress ==<br />
The article presents several advances that are explicitly supported by the reported data:<br />
<br />
* '''New catalyst family for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction''': The work introduces Fe(II) complexes bearing bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline ligands as molecular catalysts for visible-light-driven CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO conversion. The article identifies this ligand platform as previously underexplored for this reaction.<br />
* '''Use of an earth-abundant catalytic metal''': The catalytic center is iron, rather than a precious-metal catalyst.<br />
* '''High activity at low catalyst loading''': Fe2 achieved a reported TON<sub>CO</sub> of 23,138 at 3.12 μM catalyst loading.<br />
* '''High CO selectivity''': Fe4 reached 91% CO selectivity under the catalyst comparison conditions, and Fe2 reached up to 94% CO selectivity at reduced catalyst loading.<br />
* '''Water-compatible mixed-solvent operation''': Efficient catalysis was observed in MeCN/H<sub>2</sub>O mixtures, with 7.5-10% water identified as especially effective.<br />
* '''Mechanistic support from multiple methods''': The article combines UV/Vis spectroscopy, DFT and TD-DFT calculations, cyclic voltammetry, control experiments, mercury poisoning tests, and Stern-Volmer emission quenching analysis to support its mechanistic interpretation.<br />
* '''Evidence for homogeneous catalysis and catalyst robustness''': Mercury poisoning experiments did not suppress activity, and additional experiments indicated that the main deactivation pathway is deterioration of the photosensitizer rather than rapid destruction of the Fe catalyst.<br />
<br />
== Additional Remarks ==<br />
Photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO is chemically important because CO is a useful carbon-containing product and can serve as a precursor in further synthesis. This study uses a sacrificial photochemical system, which is useful for mechanistic study and catalyst evaluation but still depends on a separate sacrificial electron donor.<br />
<br />
The catalytic system also relies on a ruthenium photosensitizer, so the full photocatalytic assembly is not composed entirely of earth-abundant components, even though the catalyst itself is iron-based.<br />
<br />
The work shows a clear competition between CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and H<sub>2</sub> evolution. Product selectivity depends strongly on catalyst structure, catalyst loading, and water content. Water is beneficial up to a point, but too much water lowers activity, which the article attributes in part to poor BIH solubility in more aqueous media.<br />
<br />
The article presents useful mechanistic evidence, but the mechanism remains an interpretation based on spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and control studies rather than direct observation of every catalytic intermediate.<br />
<br />
== Content of the Published Article in Detail ==<br />
The molecular photocatalytic system contains three essential functional components:<br />
<br />
* an iron complex catalyst from the Fe1-Fe4 series,<br />
* [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as photosensitizer,<br />
* BIH as sacrificial electron donor.<br />
<br />
The photocatalytic reactions were carried out in a borosilicate photoreactor containing a CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated MeCN/H<sub>2</sub>O solution. The standard reaction mixture used 50 μM catalyst, 0.3 mM [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, and 0.11 M BIH in 4.0 mL solvent, with irradiation at 462 nm. CO and H<sub>2</sub> formed in the headspace were quantified by gas chromatography. The article states that no significant amounts of formate or CH<sub>4</sub> were detected.<br />
<br />
=== Molecular components and catalyst series ===<br />
The Fe catalysts are iron(II) complexes supported by tetradentate bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline ligands, with two water ligands in the coordination sphere. The ligand substituents were systematically varied:<br />
<br />
* Fe1: unsubstituted pyrazolyl units<br />
* Fe2: 3,5-dimethyl-substituted pyrazolyl units<br />
* Fe3: diphenyl-substituted pyrazolyl units<br />
* Fe4: CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted pyrazolyl units<br />
<br />
The article reports that all complexes are high-spin Fe(II) species with distorted octahedral geometries. DFT calculations support a quintet ground state for all four complexes.<br />
<br />
=== Optical and electronic properties ===<br />
UV/Vis spectra showed strong absorptions in the ultraviolet region, assigned mainly to ligand-centered π-π* transitions. Much weaker bands at longer wavelength were assigned to forbidden transitions. TD-DFT calculations supported these assignments.<br />
<br />
The article emphasizes that the optical features do not indicate that the Fe complexes themselves are acting as the main light absorbers in the catalytic system. Instead, the ruthenium complex serves as the photosensitizer.<br />
<br />
Electrochemical measurements showed two reduction waves for the Fe complexes. The article discusses whether these could be metal-centered or ligand-centered reductions, and concludes from DFT orbital analysis that the reductions are primarily ligand-centered. The reduced states are described as species such as [Fe(L•−)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> and [Fe(L<sup>2•−</sup>)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>0</sup>.<br />
<br />
=== Photocatalytic behavior and component necessity ===<br />
Control experiments showed that no significant CO or H<sub>2</sub> formation occurred in the absence of light, catalyst, photosensitizer, sacrificial electron donor, or under Ar instead of CO<sub>2</sub>. Replacing the defined Fe catalyst with Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> gave only minor amounts of CO and H<sub>2</sub>, which supports the need for the molecularly defined catalyst.<br />
<br />
These observations establish that productive photocatalysis requires the full multicomponent system and that free Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions alone do not account for the reported activity.<br />
<br />
=== Quenching and initial photochemical steps ===<br />
The article uses DFT energy alignment and Stern-Volmer emission quenching experiments to discuss the first electron-transfer steps.<br />
<br />
After light absorption by [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, the article considers quenching of the excited state by BIH and by the Fe complexes. The quenching experiments show that both BIH and the Fe complexes can quench the emission of the ruthenium photosensitizer, but BIH is much more efficient. The reported Stern-Volmer and quenching-rate data support BIH as the dominant quencher under the reaction conditions.<br />
<br />
Based on the orbital energy analysis, the article proposes that:<br />
<br />
* '''reductive quenching''' of the excited [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> by BIH is energetically favorable,<br />
* '''oxidative quenching''' by the Fe complexes is also energetically possible in principle,<br />
* but the quenching measurements show that BIH is the major excited-state quencher.<br />
<br />
Thus, the data support a mechanism in which the ruthenium photosensitizer is primarily reductively quenched by BIH.<br />
<br />
=== Role of BIH ===<br />
BIH acts as the sacrificial electron donor. The article shows that no photocatalytic CO or H<sub>2</sub> production occurs without BIH. Increasing BIH concentration increases photocatalytic performance up to 0.11 M under the tested conditions, while further increase to 0.165 M does not substantially improve activity.<br />
<br />
In mechanistic terms, BIH is presented as the reagent that reduces the excited photosensitizer, thereby enabling downstream electron transfer to the Fe catalyst.<br />
<br />
=== Electron transfer to the Fe catalyst ===<br />
The article proposes that reduced [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> can reduce the Fe catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry was used to examine catalyst behavior in the potential region accessible to the reduced photosensitizer. Within that range, the first reduction event of the Fe complexes is sufficiently accessible, and under CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere the voltammetric behavior changes in a way consistent with reaction of the reduced iron species with CO<sub>2</sub>.<br />
<br />
The article therefore concludes that single-electron reduction of the Fe bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline complexes is sufficient to activate the catalyst toward CO<sub>2</sub> reduction under the photocatalytic conditions.<br />
<br />
=== CO2 activation and CO formation ===<br />
Direct observation of a catalytic CO<sub>2</sub>-bound intermediate is not reported. However, the article discusses the reduction chemistry in terms of reduced Fe-ligand states reacting with CO<sub>2</sub>. It also states that proton-coupled electron transfer is essential for catalysis and specifically mentions reactive intermediates such as Fe-COOH in the discussion of the role of water.<br />
<br />
Thus, the mechanistic interpretation supported by the article is that:<br />
<br />
# light excitation occurs at [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>,<br />
# BIH reductively quenches the excited photosensitizer,<br />
# the resulting reduced photosensitizer transfers an electron to the Fe catalyst,<br />
# the reduced Fe catalyst reacts with CO<sub>2</sub>,<br />
# proton-coupled electron transfer steps convert the CO<sub>2</sub>-derived intermediate toward CO formation,<br />
# CO is released, and H<sub>2</sub> evolution competes as a side reaction.<br />
<br />
The article does not report direct spectroscopic detection of the Fe-COOH intermediate; this is presented as mechanistic interpretation rather than direct observation.<br />
<br />
=== Role of water and proton transfer ===<br />
Water strongly affects catalytic performance. In anhydrous MeCN, CO production was essentially suppressed. Addition of 7.5-10% water caused a large increase in both activity and CO selectivity. The article interprets this as evidence that water is important for proton-coupled electron transfer and for stabilization of catalytic intermediates, including by hydrogen bonding.<br />
<br />
At higher water fractions, activity decreases. The article attributes this partly to reduced BIH availability because BIH is poorly soluble in more aqueous media. Therefore, water is beneficial but only within a limited composition range.<br />
<br />
=== Product distribution ===<br />
The major desired product is CO. H<sub>2</sub> is the principal side product. The article states that no significant CH<sub>4</sub> or formate was detected.<br />
<br />
Under the standard 24 h catalyst comparison conditions, Fe2 gave the highest CO turnover number, while Fe4 gave the highest CO selectivity. At lower catalyst concentration, Fe2 gave much larger TON values while maintaining high CO selectivity.<br />
<br />
=== Evidence for homogeneous catalysis and deactivation pathway ===<br />
The article reports mercury poisoning tests. Since activity was essentially unchanged in the presence of mercury, the authors interpret this as evidence against catalysis by iron nanoparticles or colloidal metal species.<br />
<br />
The article also examined catalyst longevity indirectly. Activity increased early and then approached a plateau. Because BIH was present in excess, the article argues that the main cause of deactivation is not BIH depletion. UV/Vis observations indicated deterioration of the ruthenium photosensitizer upon prolonged irradiation. Adding more photosensitizer after 24 h restored additional CO production. These results support the conclusion that the Fe catalyst is relatively robust and that photosensitizer degradation is the main deactivation process under the reported conditions.<br />
<br />
== Catalyst ==<br />
The catalysts are a series of homogeneous molecular iron(II) complexes, Fe1-Fe4, formulated as [Fe(bpzRphen)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]X<sub>2</sub>, where the ligand is a tetradentate bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline derivative and X is BF<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> or ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> depending on the complex.<br />
<br />
Chemically relevant features explicitly reported in the article are:<br />
<br />
* '''metal center''': Fe(II)<br />
* '''catalyst type''': homogeneous molecular catalyst<br />
* '''coordination environment''': distorted octahedral geometry with tetradentate bis(pyrazolyl)phenanthroline ligand and two water ligands<br />
* '''spin state''': high-spin quintet ground state<br />
* '''redox behavior''': reductions are primarily ligand-centered according to electrochemical and DFT analysis<br />
* '''catalytic role''': reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO under visible light in combination with an external photosensitizer and sacrificial electron donor<br />
* '''structure-performance relationship''':<br />
** Fe2 gave the highest CO turnover number under the catalyst screening conditions<br />
** Fe4 gave the highest CO selectivity in that screening series<br />
* '''stability''': the catalytic system was interpreted as homogeneous and reasonably robust; deactivation was mainly associated with photosensitizer deterioration rather than rapid loss of the Fe catalyst<br />
<br />
Fe2 is the best-performing catalyst in the article under most optimized conditions. Fe4 is notable for high CO selectivity. The article also notes that weak hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the CF<sub>3</sub>-substituted ligand of Fe4 may contribute to its enhanced CO selectivity.<br />
<br />
== Photosensitizer ==<br />
The photosensitizer is [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>.<br />
<br />
The article explicitly supports the following points:<br />
<br />
* '''identity''': [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup><br />
* '''class''': ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer<br />
* '''role''': absorbs visible light and initiates the photoredox sequence<br />
* '''excited-state behavior''': its emission is quenched by BIH and by the Fe catalysts<br />
* '''dominant quenching pathway''': BIH is the dominant quencher according to Stern-Volmer analysis and quenching-rate constants<br />
* '''mechanistic function''': after reductive quenching by BIH, the reduced photosensitizer is proposed to transfer an electron to the Fe catalyst<br />
* '''stability limitation''': prolonged irradiation causes deterioration of the photosensitizer, and this is identified as the main deactivation pathway of the overall photocatalytic system<br />
<br />
The article therefore presents [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as an effective visible-light absorber and redox mediator, but also as the least durable component under long irradiation times.<br />
<br />
== Investigation ==<br />
{{#experimentlist:|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|name=inv0}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
[[Category: Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
[[Category: CO2 conversion]]<br />
[[Category: Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO]]<br />
[[Category: CO conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Heterogeneous_photocatalytic_CO2_conversion&diff=10514Category:Heterogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion2026-03-19T15:23:26Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
<br />
== THIS PAGE IS GENERATED TO RESERVE THE TOPIC SPACE IN THIS WIKI - MAIN CONTENT (such as "Summary of selected scientific progress") IS STILL MISSING ==<br />
<br />
[[Hide Topic::true]]<br />
<br />
===Scope of this topic and related important content===<!--Related content--><br />
The content of this topic page covers information on heterogeneous approaches that are relevant for the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. To get the right context and preceding information, reading the higher level topics [[:Category:CO2 conversion|<u>CO2 conversion</u>]] and [[:Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion|<u>Photocatalytic CO2 conversion</u>]] might be helpful.<br />
===Distinction from other articles within the topic [[:Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion|>Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]===<br />
[[:Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion|>Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]] can be formally split into processes using homogeneous catalysis or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of the starting material CO<sub>2</sub>. In this article, we focus on the heterogeneous catalysis which involves a catalyst that is not in the same phase as the reactants. The catalyst is usually solid or immobilized to a solid phase. For further information, please see related literature.{{#literature:|doi=https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b02089}} <br />
<br />
The related topic >[[:Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion|Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]] refers to reactions that involve a catalyst that is in the same different phase, usually dissolved in a solvent. For further reading, see related literature at the page [[:Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion|Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion.]]<br />
===Important aspects of heterogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion===<br />
In comparison to homogeneous photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, heterogeneous processes benfit from usually from catalyst reusability. As heterogeneous catalysts are typically immobilized on a solid support, they allow for easier separation and recycling of the catalyst after the reaction.<br />
===Summary of selected scientific progress===<br />
[[Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Heterogeneous_electrochemical_CO2_conversion&diff=10513Category:Heterogeneous electrochemical CO2 conversion2026-03-19T15:23:19Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
==THIS PAGE IS GENERATED TO RESERVE THE TOPIC SPACE IN THIS WIKI - THE MAIN CONTENT IS MISSING==<br />
<br />
[[Hide Topic::true]]<br />
<br />
{{#experimentlink:|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_overview_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=Linking Test|sort=|order=}}<br />
The page [[:Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion|Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]] is an example page in this wiki that contains scientific content<br />
[[Category:Electrochemical CO2 conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Homogeneous_photocatalytic_CO2_conversion&diff=10385Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion2026-02-20T15:03:10Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
[[Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
<br />
=== Scope of this topic and related important content ===<br />
<!-- Related content -->The content of this topic page covers information on homogeneous approaches that are relevant for the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. Currently, the information on this page is limited to information on the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO, CH<sub>4</sub> and CHOOH, further extension of the content is planned in the future. To get the right context and preceding information, reading the higher level topics [[:Category:CO2 conversion|<u>CO2 conversion</u>]] and [[:Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion|<u>Photocatalytic CO2 conversion</u>]] might be helpful.<br />
<br />
=== Distinction from other articles within the topic [[:Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion|Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]] ===<br />
<br />
[[:Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion|Photocatalytic CO2 conversion]] can be formally divided into processes using homogeneous catalysis or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of the starting material CO<sub>2</sub>. In this article, we focus on the homogeneous catalysis which involves a catalyst that is in the same phase (usually liquid or gas) as the reactants. In this case, the catalyst and the reactants are well-mixed and form a single phase throughout the reaction. The catalyst interacts directly with the reactants, forming an intermediate complex, which then undergoes a reaction to form the desired products. Homogeneous catalysis often involves the use of transition metal complexes or organocatalysts. One advantage of homogeneous catalysis is that the catalyst can be precisely tuned and controlled to promote specific reactions. Reviews for further reading focusing on homogeneous photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion are available.{{#literature:|doi=https://doi.org/10.3390/catal2040544}}<br />
<br />
The related topic [[:Category:Heterogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion|Heterogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]] refers to reactions that involve a catalyst that is in a different phase (typically solid) from the reactants. The reactants are in a different phase (liquid or gas) and come into contact with the solid catalyst, which is usually in the form of a powder or a material such as a modified surface or material in general. The reactants adsorb onto the surface of the catalyst, where the catalytic reaction occurs. For further information, please see chapter heterogeneous photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and literature links therein.<br />
<br />
=== Important aspects of homogeneous photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion ===<br />
In comparison to heterogeneous photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, homogeneous processes usually benefit from a uniform distribution of the catalyst in the reaction medium, faster reaction rates due to better contact between the catalyst and reactants, and a simpler reactor design due to the application of the catalyst in solution. In heterogeneous systems, the catalyst often needs to be immobilized on a support material.<br />
<br />
=== Summary of selected scientific progress ===<br />
Table of all experiments that have a turnover number >100 for one of the products CO, CH<sub>2</sub>, HCOOH, H<sub>2</sub> or MeOH. This table is sorted by catalyst.<br />
<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20CO%5D%5D%20OR%0A%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20HCOOH%5D%5D%20OR%0A%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20CH4%5D%5D%20OR%0A%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20H2%5D%5D%20OR%0A%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20MeOH%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CO, CH4, HCOOH, H2, MeOH >100, sorted by catalyst}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Electrochemical_Conversion_Template.xlsx&diff=10229File:Electrochemical Conversion Template.xlsx2026-01-22T14:47:22Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Electrochemical Conversion Template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.xlsx&diff=10228File:Absorption Emission Spectroscopy template.xlsx2026-01-22T14:47:02Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Absorption Emission Spectroscopy template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:UV_vis_Template.xlsx&diff=10227File:UV vis Template.xlsx2026-01-22T14:46:35Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:UV vis Template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cyclic_Voltammetry_Template.xlsx&diff=10226File:Cyclic Voltammetry Template.xlsx2026-01-22T14:45:59Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Cyclic Voltammetry Template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_Template_New.xlsx&diff=10225File:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template New.xlsx2026-01-22T14:45:08Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template New.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_to_HCOOH&diff=10223Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to HCOOH2026-01-22T13:20:08Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
== CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to formic acid{{#literature:|doi=10.1039/d0gc04040a}}==<br />
Formic acid (FA) is a simple chemical with many uses. Its applications include use as a preservative, in the leather and dyeing industry and chemical providing a C1 building block. It is also an important H<sub>2</sub> carrier, because of its qualities as non-toxic, easily storable liquid. This also makes it directly usable in fuel cells.{{#literature:|doi=doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199}} The global production is currently estimated at 870.000 metric tons in 2021 with a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Report) of 3.87% in volume terms during the period 2022-2027.[https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/formic-acid-market<nowiki>] </nowiki><br />
<br />
Industrial production of formic acid is done mainly by carbonylation of methanol and subsequent hydrolysation of methyl formate to formic acid.{{#literature:|doi=https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_013}} <br />
<br />
A direct approach of synthesis by hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> and using renewable energy, such as sunlight in photocatalysis, in a homogeneous environment, is the focus of this page. <br />
<br />
== Sacrificial electron donors ==<br />
<chemform smiles="N(CCO)(CCO)CCO" inchi="1S/C6H15NO3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h8-10H,1-6H2" inchikey="GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172210562D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 10 9 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 N 7.61573 -7.01614 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 8.00917 -6.08172 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 8.21465 -7.79159 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 6.62364 -7.13533 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 6.22835 -8.03915 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 9.03721 -5.93881 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.84941 -8.71052 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 O 8.48656 -9.49848 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 O 9.38012 -5.01068 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 O 5.24255 -8.14109 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 1 2<br />
M V30 2 1 1 3<br />
M V30 3 1 1 4<br />
M V30 4 1 4 5<br />
M V30 5 1 2 6<br />
M V30 6 1 3 7<br />
M V30 7 1 7 8<br />
M V30 8 1 6 9<br />
M V30 9 1 5 10<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="N(CC)(CC)CC" inchi="1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3" inchikey="ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172210542D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 7 6 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 N 9.05997 -6.33177 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 8.35579 -5.63333 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 7.39895 -5.89012 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 10.0472 -6.05249 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 10.7737 -6.74539 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 8.81579 -7.28361 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 9.54063 -7.97968 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 1 2<br />
M V30 2 1 2 3<br />
M V30 3 1 1 4<br />
M V30 4 1 4 5<br />
M V30 5 1 1 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 7<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C3C(O)=CC=CC=3)N(C)C2=C1" inchi="1S/C15H16N2O/c1-16-12-8-4-5-9-13(12)17(2)15(16)11-7-3-6-10-14(11)18/h3-10,15,18H,1-2H3" inchikey="NNENGKYNKIWEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211072D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 18 20 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 3.75809 -4.54795 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 5.48758 -4.54746 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 4.62447 -4.04807 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.48758 -5.54794 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 3.75809 -5.55242 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 4.62666 -6.0472 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.43912 -4.23824 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 7.0272 -5.04763 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 N 6.43911 -5.85706 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 6.69781 -3.27276 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 6.57644 -6.85266 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 8.02673 -5.04763 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 9.52369 -4.18146 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 8.52653 -4.1812 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 10.0245 -5.04756 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 8.52955 -5.91719 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 9.52914 -5.91073 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 O 8.27086 -6.88267 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 3 1<br />
M V30 2 1 4 2<br />
M V30 3 2 1 5<br />
M V30 4 2 2 3<br />
M V30 5 1 5 6<br />
M V30 6 2 6 4<br />
M V30 7 1 2 7<br />
M V30 8 1 7 8<br />
M V30 9 1 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 9 4<br />
M V30 11 1 7 10<br />
M V30 12 1 9 11<br />
M V30 13 1 8 12<br />
M V30 14 2 14 12<br />
M V30 15 2 15 13<br />
M V30 16 1 12 16<br />
M V30 17 1 13 14<br />
M V30 18 2 16 17<br />
M V30 19 1 17 15<br />
M V30 20 1 16 18<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C3C=CC=CC=3)N(C)C2=C1" inchi="1S/C15H16N2/c1-16-13-10-6-7-11-14(13)17(2)15(16)12-8-4-3-5-9-12/h3-11,15H,1-2H3" inchikey="VDFIVJSRRJXMAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211072D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 17 19 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 3.75092 -4.641 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 5.45224 -4.75325 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 4.6497 -4.18789 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.39436 -5.63311 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 3.71268 -5.65773 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 4.55439 -6.13515 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.4014 -4.4331 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 6.9766 -5.26378 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 N 6.34211 -6.06332 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 7.97124 -5.25999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 9.45757 -4.34824 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 8.45113 -4.37582 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 9.9845 -5.20201 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 8.50292 -6.12233 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 9.50944 -6.09133 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 6.59268 -6.99879 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 6.75173 -3.46193 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 3 1<br />
M V30 2 1 4 2<br />
M V30 3 2 1 5<br />
M V30 4 2 2 3<br />
M V30 5 1 5 6<br />
M V30 6 2 6 4<br />
M V30 7 1 2 7<br />
M V30 8 1 7 8<br />
M V30 9 1 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 9 4<br />
M V30 11 1 8 10<br />
M V30 12 2 12 10<br />
M V30 13 2 13 11<br />
M V30 14 1 10 14<br />
M V30 15 1 11 12<br />
M V30 16 2 14 15<br />
M V30 17 1 15 13<br />
M V30 18 1 9 16<br />
M V30 19 1 7 17<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C(C1C=CC=CC=1)N1C=C(C(N)=O)CC=C1" inchi="1S/C13H14N2O/c14-13(16)12-7-4-8-15(10-12)9-11-5-2-1-3-6-11/h1-6,8,10H,7,9H2,(H2,14,16)" inchikey="CMNUYDSETOTBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211112D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 16 17 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 6.46113 -8.3607 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 4.88161 -6.23186 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.53495 -5.73244 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.56912 -5.50501 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 6.82368 -6.69188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 5.16623 -7.19066 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.14094 -7.42163 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 7.23922 -5.00583 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 O 8.22591 -5.25702 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 N 6.97446 -4.03416 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 5.83484 -9.11774 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 5.59204 -10.8267 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 6.20605 -10.0393 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 4.60381 -10.6907 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 4.84452 -8.97457 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 4.22807 -9.75997 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 4 2<br />
M V30 2 2 5 3<br />
M V30 3 2 2 6<br />
M V30 4 1 3 4<br />
M V30 5 1 6 7<br />
M V30 6 1 7 5<br />
M V30 7 1 7 1<br />
M V30 8 1 3 8<br />
M V30 9 2 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 8 10<br />
M V30 11 1 1 11<br />
M V30 12 2 13 11<br />
M V30 13 2 14 12<br />
M V30 14 1 11 15<br />
M V30 15 1 12 13<br />
M V30 16 2 15 16<br />
M V30 17 1 16 14<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
== Ruthenium Catalysts ==<br />
<chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru]3(OC(=O)O3)3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3C=CC=CC=3C=2C=1" isreaction="" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CH2O3.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2-1(3)4;/h2*1-8H;(H2,2,3,4);/q;;;+2/p-2" inchikey="BEIFWAYVOBNDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10312214112D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 29 35 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 5.28906 -3.60311 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 6.95724 -3.72705 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.05009 -3.18532 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 N 7.01473 -4.68431 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 5.29875 -4.48458 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 6.15259 -5.05199 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.70229 -2.49337 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 9.21757 -2.46575 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 8.429 -2.0659 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 9.34153 -3.42541 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 7.6921 -3.34423 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 N 8.63032 -3.94833 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 6.03646 -6.16906 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 N 7.5169 -5.95752 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 6.85806 -5.65209 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 7.46425 -7.04146 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 5.9907 -7.07931 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 C 6.69359 -7.49646 0.0 0<br />
M V30 19 C 8.00449 -7.3762 0.0 0<br />
M V30 20 C 9.53398 -7.94493 0.0 0<br />
M V30 21 N 8.78974 -7.06142 0.0 0<br />
M V30 22 C 8.98715 -8.9089 0.0 0<br />
M V30 23 C 7.70335 -8.20389 0.0 0<br />
M V30 24 C 8.09857 -8.88242 0.0 0<br />
M V30 25 Ru 8.52507 -5.36896 0.0 0<br />
M V30 26 O 9.35344 -4.62165 0.0 0<br />
M V30 27 O 9.33848 -6.04063 0.0 0<br />
M V30 28 C 10.0561 -5.31072 0.0 0<br />
M V30 29 O 11.1079 -5.29505 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 9 7<br />
M V30 8 2 10 8<br />
M V30 9 1 7 11<br />
M V30 10 1 8 9<br />
M V30 11 2 11 12<br />
M V30 12 1 12 10<br />
M V30 13 2 15 13<br />
M V30 14 2 16 14<br />
M V30 15 1 13 17<br />
M V30 16 1 14 15<br />
M V30 17 2 17 18<br />
M V30 18 1 18 16<br />
M V30 19 2 21 19<br />
M V30 20 2 22 20<br />
M V30 21 1 19 23<br />
M V30 22 1 20 21<br />
M V30 23 2 23 24<br />
M V30 24 1 24 22<br />
M V30 25 1 2 11<br />
M V30 26 1 16 19<br />
M V30 27 10 4 25<br />
M V30 28 10 12 25<br />
M V30 29 10 25 14<br />
M V30 30 10 25 21<br />
M V30 31 1 25 26<br />
M V30 32 1 25 27<br />
M V30 33 1 26 28<br />
M V30 34 1 27 28<br />
M V30 35 2 28 29<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
<br />
== Photosensitizers ==<br />
<br />
== Experiments ==<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for HCOOH greater than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20HCOOH%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=TON > 100|sort=Catalyst|order=descending}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for HCOOH lower than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3C100%3B%20HCOOH%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=TON < 100|sort=Catalyst|order=descending}}<br />
<br />
== Cobalt Catalysts ==<br />
<br />
== Organic and semiconductor photosensitizer ==<br />
<chemform smiles="C1C=C(N2C3C=CC(C4C=CC(C5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)=CC=3OC3C=C(C4C=CC(C5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)C=CC2=3)C2C=CC=CC=2C=1" inchi="1S/C46H31NO/c1-3-10-32(11-4-1)34-18-22-36(23-19-34)39-26-28-43-45(30-39)48-46-31-40(37-24-20-35(21-25-37)33-12-5-2-6-13-33)27-29-44(46)47(43)42-17-9-15-38-14-7-8-16-41(38)42/h1-31H" inchikey="IGGSSEOAGCUGDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-08292214042D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 48 56 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 5.43485 -1.95007 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 7.16515 -1.94959 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.30164 -1.44997 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 7.16515 -2.95053 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 5.43485 -2.95502 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 6.30382 -3.45003 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 8.02965 -1.45121 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 8.89683 -1.95155 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 8.0358 -3.45287 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 8.89903 -2.94746 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 5.45899 -4.69999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 5.45899 -5.70001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 O 6.325 -6.20001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 7.19101 -5.70001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 7.19101 -4.69999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 N 6.325 -4.19999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 4.59529 -6.19792 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 C 3.72891 -5.69805 0.0 0<br />
M V30 19 C 4.58914 -4.19812 0.0 0<br />
M V30 20 C 3.72671 -4.70306 0.0 0<br />
M V30 21 C 8.05471 -4.20208 0.0 0<br />
M V30 22 C 8.92109 -4.70195 0.0 0<br />
M V30 23 C 8.06086 -6.20188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 24 C 8.92329 -5.69694 0.0 0<br />
M V30 25 C 9.78931 -6.19694 0.0 0<br />
M V30 26 C 11.5196 -6.19529 0.0 0<br />
M V30 27 C 10.6558 -5.69625 0.0 0<br />
M V30 28 C 11.5203 -7.19624 0.0 0<br />
M V30 29 C 9.78999 -7.20188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 30 C 10.6593 -7.69631 0.0 0<br />
M V30 31 C 12.3863 -7.69624 0.0 0<br />
M V30 32 C 14.1166 -7.69459 0.0 0<br />
M V30 33 C 13.2528 -7.19555 0.0 0<br />
M V30 34 C 14.1173 -8.69553 0.0 0<br />
M V30 35 C 12.387 -8.70118 0.0 0<br />
M V30 36 C 13.2563 -9.19561 0.0 0<br />
M V30 37 C 2.86289 -6.19805 0.0 0<br />
M V30 38 C 1.99916 -7.69736 0.0 0<br />
M V30 39 C 2.86327 -7.19876 0.0 0<br />
M V30 40 C 1.13198 -7.19747 0.0 0<br />
M V30 41 C 1.99224 -5.69616 0.0 0<br />
M V30 42 C 1.1294 -6.20178 0.0 0<br />
M V30 43 C 0.291059 -7.85629 0.0 0<br />
M V30 44 C -0.572666 -9.35559 0.0 0<br />
M V30 45 C 0.291442 -8.857 0.0 0<br />
M V30 46 C -1.43984 -8.8557 0.0 0<br />
M V30 47 C -0.579586 -7.3544 0.0 0<br />
M V30 48 C -1.44243 -7.86002 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 8 7<br />
M V30 8 1 4 9<br />
M V30 9 1 7 2<br />
M V30 10 2 9 10<br />
M V30 11 1 10 8<br />
M V30 12 1 11 16<br />
M V30 13 2 11 12<br />
M V30 14 1 12 13<br />
M V30 15 1 13 14<br />
M V30 16 2 14 15<br />
M V30 17 1 15 16<br />
M V30 18 2 18 17<br />
M V30 19 1 11 19<br />
M V30 20 1 17 12<br />
M V30 21 2 19 20<br />
M V30 22 1 20 18<br />
M V30 23 2 22 21<br />
M V30 24 1 14 23<br />
M V30 25 1 21 15<br />
M V30 26 2 23 24<br />
M V30 27 1 24 22<br />
M V30 28 1 24 25<br />
M V30 29 2 27 25<br />
M V30 30 2 28 26<br />
M V30 31 1 25 29<br />
M V30 32 1 26 27<br />
M V30 33 2 29 30<br />
M V30 34 1 30 28<br />
M V30 35 1 28 31<br />
M V30 36 2 33 31<br />
M V30 37 2 34 32<br />
M V30 38 1 31 35<br />
M V30 39 1 32 33<br />
M V30 40 2 35 36<br />
M V30 41 1 36 34<br />
M V30 42 1 18 37<br />
M V30 43 2 39 37<br />
M V30 44 2 40 38<br />
M V30 45 1 37 41<br />
M V30 46 1 38 39<br />
M V30 47 2 41 42<br />
M V30 48 1 42 40<br />
M V30 49 1 40 43<br />
M V30 50 2 45 43<br />
M V30 51 2 46 44<br />
M V30 52 1 43 47<br />
M V30 53 1 44 45<br />
M V30 54 2 47 48<br />
M V30 55 1 48 46<br />
M V30 56 1 16 6<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
<br />
== Experiments ==<br />
__FORCETOC__<br />
[[Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_to_HCOOH&diff=10222Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to HCOOH2026-01-22T13:18:54Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
== CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to formic acid{{#literature:|doi=10.1039/d0gc04040a}}==<br />
Formic acid (FA) is a simple chemical with many uses. Its applications include use as a preservative, in the leather and dyeing industry and chemical providing a C1 building block. It is also an important H<sub>2</sub> carrier, because of its qualities as non-toxic, easily storable liquid. This also makes it directly usable in fuel cells.{{#literature:|doi=doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199}} The global production is currently estimated at 870.000 metric tons in 2021 with a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Report) of 3.87% in volume terms during the period 2022-2027.[https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/formic-acid-market<nowiki>] </nowiki><br />
<br />
Industrial production of formic acid is done mainly by carbonylation of methanol and subsequent hydrolysation of methyl formate to formic acid.{{#literature:|doi=https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_013}} <br />
<br />
A direct approach of synthesis by hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> and using renewable energy, such as sunlight in photocatalysis, in a homogeneous environment, is the focus of this page. <br />
<br />
== Sacrificial electron donors ==<br />
<chemform smiles="N(CCO)(CCO)CCO" inchi="1S/C6H15NO3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h8-10H,1-6H2" inchikey="GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172210562D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 10 9 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 N 7.61573 -7.01614 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 8.00917 -6.08172 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 8.21465 -7.79159 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 6.62364 -7.13533 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 6.22835 -8.03915 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 9.03721 -5.93881 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.84941 -8.71052 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 O 8.48656 -9.49848 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 O 9.38012 -5.01068 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 O 5.24255 -8.14109 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 1 2<br />
M V30 2 1 1 3<br />
M V30 3 1 1 4<br />
M V30 4 1 4 5<br />
M V30 5 1 2 6<br />
M V30 6 1 3 7<br />
M V30 7 1 7 8<br />
M V30 8 1 6 9<br />
M V30 9 1 5 10<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="N(CC)(CC)CC" inchi="1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3" inchikey="ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172210542D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 7 6 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 N 9.05997 -6.33177 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 8.35579 -5.63333 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 7.39895 -5.89012 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 10.0472 -6.05249 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 10.7737 -6.74539 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 8.81579 -7.28361 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 9.54063 -7.97968 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 1 2<br />
M V30 2 1 2 3<br />
M V30 3 1 1 4<br />
M V30 4 1 4 5<br />
M V30 5 1 1 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 7<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C3C(O)=CC=CC=3)N(C)C2=C1" inchi="1S/C15H16N2O/c1-16-12-8-4-5-9-13(12)17(2)15(16)11-7-3-6-10-14(11)18/h3-10,15,18H,1-2H3" inchikey="NNENGKYNKIWEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211072D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 18 20 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 3.75809 -4.54795 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 5.48758 -4.54746 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 4.62447 -4.04807 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.48758 -5.54794 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 3.75809 -5.55242 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 4.62666 -6.0472 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.43912 -4.23824 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 7.0272 -5.04763 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 N 6.43911 -5.85706 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 6.69781 -3.27276 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 6.57644 -6.85266 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 8.02673 -5.04763 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 9.52369 -4.18146 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 8.52653 -4.1812 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 10.0245 -5.04756 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 8.52955 -5.91719 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 9.52914 -5.91073 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 O 8.27086 -6.88267 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 3 1<br />
M V30 2 1 4 2<br />
M V30 3 2 1 5<br />
M V30 4 2 2 3<br />
M V30 5 1 5 6<br />
M V30 6 2 6 4<br />
M V30 7 1 2 7<br />
M V30 8 1 7 8<br />
M V30 9 1 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 9 4<br />
M V30 11 1 7 10<br />
M V30 12 1 9 11<br />
M V30 13 1 8 12<br />
M V30 14 2 14 12<br />
M V30 15 2 15 13<br />
M V30 16 1 12 16<br />
M V30 17 1 13 14<br />
M V30 18 2 16 17<br />
M V30 19 1 17 15<br />
M V30 20 1 16 18<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C3C=CC=CC=3)N(C)C2=C1" inchi="1S/C15H16N2/c1-16-13-10-6-7-11-14(13)17(2)15(16)12-8-4-3-5-9-12/h3-11,15H,1-2H3" inchikey="VDFIVJSRRJXMAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211072D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 17 19 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 3.75092 -4.641 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 5.45224 -4.75325 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 4.6497 -4.18789 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.39436 -5.63311 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 3.71268 -5.65773 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 4.55439 -6.13515 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.4014 -4.4331 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 6.9766 -5.26378 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 N 6.34211 -6.06332 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 7.97124 -5.25999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 9.45757 -4.34824 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 8.45113 -4.37582 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 9.9845 -5.20201 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 8.50292 -6.12233 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 9.50944 -6.09133 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 6.59268 -6.99879 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 6.75173 -3.46193 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 3 1<br />
M V30 2 1 4 2<br />
M V30 3 2 1 5<br />
M V30 4 2 2 3<br />
M V30 5 1 5 6<br />
M V30 6 2 6 4<br />
M V30 7 1 2 7<br />
M V30 8 1 7 8<br />
M V30 9 1 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 9 4<br />
M V30 11 1 8 10<br />
M V30 12 2 12 10<br />
M V30 13 2 13 11<br />
M V30 14 1 10 14<br />
M V30 15 1 11 12<br />
M V30 16 2 14 15<br />
M V30 17 1 15 13<br />
M V30 18 1 9 16<br />
M V30 19 1 7 17<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C(C1C=CC=CC=1)N1C=C(C(N)=O)CC=C1" inchi="1S/C13H14N2O/c14-13(16)12-7-4-8-15(10-12)9-11-5-2-1-3-6-11/h1-6,8,10H,7,9H2,(H2,14,16)" inchikey="CMNUYDSETOTBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211112D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 16 17 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 6.46113 -8.3607 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 4.88161 -6.23186 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.53495 -5.73244 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.56912 -5.50501 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 6.82368 -6.69188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 5.16623 -7.19066 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.14094 -7.42163 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 7.23922 -5.00583 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 O 8.22591 -5.25702 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 N 6.97446 -4.03416 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 5.83484 -9.11774 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 5.59204 -10.8267 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 6.20605 -10.0393 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 4.60381 -10.6907 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 4.84452 -8.97457 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 4.22807 -9.75997 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 4 2<br />
M V30 2 2 5 3<br />
M V30 3 2 2 6<br />
M V30 4 1 3 4<br />
M V30 5 1 6 7<br />
M V30 6 1 7 5<br />
M V30 7 1 7 1<br />
M V30 8 1 3 8<br />
M V30 9 2 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 8 10<br />
M V30 11 1 1 11<br />
M V30 12 2 13 11<br />
M V30 13 2 14 12<br />
M V30 14 1 11 15<br />
M V30 15 1 12 13<br />
M V30 16 2 15 16<br />
M V30 17 1 16 14<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
== Ruthenium Catalysts ==<br />
<chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru]3(OC(=O)O3)3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3C=CC=CC=3C=2C=1" isreaction="" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CH2O3.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2-1(3)4;/h2*1-8H;(H2,2,3,4);/q;;;+2/p-2" inchikey="BEIFWAYVOBNDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10312214112D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 29 35 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 5.28906 -3.60311 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 6.95724 -3.72705 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.05009 -3.18532 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 N 7.01473 -4.68431 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 5.29875 -4.48458 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 6.15259 -5.05199 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.70229 -2.49337 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 9.21757 -2.46575 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 8.429 -2.0659 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 9.34153 -3.42541 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 7.6921 -3.34423 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 N 8.63032 -3.94833 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 6.03646 -6.16906 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 N 7.5169 -5.95752 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 6.85806 -5.65209 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 7.46425 -7.04146 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 5.9907 -7.07931 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 C 6.69359 -7.49646 0.0 0<br />
M V30 19 C 8.00449 -7.3762 0.0 0<br />
M V30 20 C 9.53398 -7.94493 0.0 0<br />
M V30 21 N 8.78974 -7.06142 0.0 0<br />
M V30 22 C 8.98715 -8.9089 0.0 0<br />
M V30 23 C 7.70335 -8.20389 0.0 0<br />
M V30 24 C 8.09857 -8.88242 0.0 0<br />
M V30 25 Ru 8.52507 -5.36896 0.0 0<br />
M V30 26 O 9.35344 -4.62165 0.0 0<br />
M V30 27 O 9.33848 -6.04063 0.0 0<br />
M V30 28 C 10.0561 -5.31072 0.0 0<br />
M V30 29 O 11.1079 -5.29505 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 9 7<br />
M V30 8 2 10 8<br />
M V30 9 1 7 11<br />
M V30 10 1 8 9<br />
M V30 11 2 11 12<br />
M V30 12 1 12 10<br />
M V30 13 2 15 13<br />
M V30 14 2 16 14<br />
M V30 15 1 13 17<br />
M V30 16 1 14 15<br />
M V30 17 2 17 18<br />
M V30 18 1 18 16<br />
M V30 19 2 21 19<br />
M V30 20 2 22 20<br />
M V30 21 1 19 23<br />
M V30 22 1 20 21<br />
M V30 23 2 23 24<br />
M V30 24 1 24 22<br />
M V30 25 1 2 11<br />
M V30 26 1 16 19<br />
M V30 27 10 4 25<br />
M V30 28 10 12 25<br />
M V30 29 10 25 14<br />
M V30 30 10 25 21<br />
M V30 31 1 25 26<br />
M V30 32 1 25 27<br />
M V30 33 1 26 28<br />
M V30 34 1 27 28<br />
M V30 35 2 28 29<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
<br />
== Photosensitizers ==<br />
<br />
== Experiments ==<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for HCOOH greater than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20HCOOH%3A%3A%3E100%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=TON > 100|sort=Catalyst|order=descending}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for HCOOH lower than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3C100%3B%20HCOOH%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=TON < 100|sort=Catalyst|order=descending}}<br />
<br />
== Cobalt Catalysts ==<br />
<br />
== Organic and semiconductor photosensitizer ==<br />
<chemform smiles="C1C=C(N2C3C=CC(C4C=CC(C5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)=CC=3OC3C=C(C4C=CC(C5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)C=CC2=3)C2C=CC=CC=2C=1" inchi="1S/C46H31NO/c1-3-10-32(11-4-1)34-18-22-36(23-19-34)39-26-28-43-45(30-39)48-46-31-40(37-24-20-35(21-25-37)33-12-5-2-6-13-33)27-29-44(46)47(43)42-17-9-15-38-14-7-8-16-41(38)42/h1-31H" inchikey="IGGSSEOAGCUGDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-08292214042D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 48 56 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 5.43485 -1.95007 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 7.16515 -1.94959 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.30164 -1.44997 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 7.16515 -2.95053 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 5.43485 -2.95502 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 6.30382 -3.45003 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 8.02965 -1.45121 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 8.89683 -1.95155 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 8.0358 -3.45287 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 8.89903 -2.94746 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 5.45899 -4.69999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 5.45899 -5.70001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 O 6.325 -6.20001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 7.19101 -5.70001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 7.19101 -4.69999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 N 6.325 -4.19999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 4.59529 -6.19792 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 C 3.72891 -5.69805 0.0 0<br />
M V30 19 C 4.58914 -4.19812 0.0 0<br />
M V30 20 C 3.72671 -4.70306 0.0 0<br />
M V30 21 C 8.05471 -4.20208 0.0 0<br />
M V30 22 C 8.92109 -4.70195 0.0 0<br />
M V30 23 C 8.06086 -6.20188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 24 C 8.92329 -5.69694 0.0 0<br />
M V30 25 C 9.78931 -6.19694 0.0 0<br />
M V30 26 C 11.5196 -6.19529 0.0 0<br />
M V30 27 C 10.6558 -5.69625 0.0 0<br />
M V30 28 C 11.5203 -7.19624 0.0 0<br />
M V30 29 C 9.78999 -7.20188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 30 C 10.6593 -7.69631 0.0 0<br />
M V30 31 C 12.3863 -7.69624 0.0 0<br />
M V30 32 C 14.1166 -7.69459 0.0 0<br />
M V30 33 C 13.2528 -7.19555 0.0 0<br />
M V30 34 C 14.1173 -8.69553 0.0 0<br />
M V30 35 C 12.387 -8.70118 0.0 0<br />
M V30 36 C 13.2563 -9.19561 0.0 0<br />
M V30 37 C 2.86289 -6.19805 0.0 0<br />
M V30 38 C 1.99916 -7.69736 0.0 0<br />
M V30 39 C 2.86327 -7.19876 0.0 0<br />
M V30 40 C 1.13198 -7.19747 0.0 0<br />
M V30 41 C 1.99224 -5.69616 0.0 0<br />
M V30 42 C 1.1294 -6.20178 0.0 0<br />
M V30 43 C 0.291059 -7.85629 0.0 0<br />
M V30 44 C -0.572666 -9.35559 0.0 0<br />
M V30 45 C 0.291442 -8.857 0.0 0<br />
M V30 46 C -1.43984 -8.8557 0.0 0<br />
M V30 47 C -0.579586 -7.3544 0.0 0<br />
M V30 48 C -1.44243 -7.86002 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 8 7<br />
M V30 8 1 4 9<br />
M V30 9 1 7 2<br />
M V30 10 2 9 10<br />
M V30 11 1 10 8<br />
M V30 12 1 11 16<br />
M V30 13 2 11 12<br />
M V30 14 1 12 13<br />
M V30 15 1 13 14<br />
M V30 16 2 14 15<br />
M V30 17 1 15 16<br />
M V30 18 2 18 17<br />
M V30 19 1 11 19<br />
M V30 20 1 17 12<br />
M V30 21 2 19 20<br />
M V30 22 1 20 18<br />
M V30 23 2 22 21<br />
M V30 24 1 14 23<br />
M V30 25 1 21 15<br />
M V30 26 2 23 24<br />
M V30 27 1 24 22<br />
M V30 28 1 24 25<br />
M V30 29 2 27 25<br />
M V30 30 2 28 26<br />
M V30 31 1 25 29<br />
M V30 32 1 26 27<br />
M V30 33 2 29 30<br />
M V30 34 1 30 28<br />
M V30 35 1 28 31<br />
M V30 36 2 33 31<br />
M V30 37 2 34 32<br />
M V30 38 1 31 35<br />
M V30 39 1 32 33<br />
M V30 40 2 35 36<br />
M V30 41 1 36 34<br />
M V30 42 1 18 37<br />
M V30 43 2 39 37<br />
M V30 44 2 40 38<br />
M V30 45 1 37 41<br />
M V30 46 1 38 39<br />
M V30 47 2 41 42<br />
M V30 48 1 42 40<br />
M V30 49 1 40 43<br />
M V30 50 2 45 43<br />
M V30 51 2 46 44<br />
M V30 52 1 43 47<br />
M V30 53 1 44 45<br />
M V30 54 2 47 48<br />
M V30 55 1 48 46<br />
M V30 56 1 16 6<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
<br />
== Experiments ==<br />
__FORCETOC__<br />
[[Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_to_HCOOH&diff=10218Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to HCOOH2026-01-22T13:17:36Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
== CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to formic acid{{#literature:|doi=10.1039/d0gc04040a}}==<br />
Formic acid (FA) is a simple chemical with many uses. Its applications include use as a preservative, in the leather and dyeing industry and chemical providing a C1 building block. It is also an important H<sub>2</sub> carrier, because of its qualities as non-toxic, easily storable liquid. This also makes it directly usable in fuel cells.{{#literature:|doi=doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199}} The global production is currently estimated at 870.000 metric tons in 2021 with a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Report) of 3.87% in volume terms during the period 2022-2027.[https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/formic-acid-market<nowiki>] </nowiki><br />
<br />
Industrial production of formic acid is done mainly by carbonylation of methanol and subsequent hydrolysation of methyl formate to formic acid.{{#literature:|doi=https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_013}} <br />
<br />
A direct approach of synthesis by hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> and using renewable energy, such as sunlight in photocatalysis, in a homogeneous environment, is the focus of this page. <br />
<br />
== Sacrificial electron donors ==<br />
<chemform smiles="N(CCO)(CCO)CCO" inchi="1S/C6H15NO3/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-10/h8-10H,1-6H2" inchikey="GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172210562D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 10 9 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 N 7.61573 -7.01614 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 8.00917 -6.08172 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 8.21465 -7.79159 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 6.62364 -7.13533 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 6.22835 -8.03915 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 9.03721 -5.93881 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.84941 -8.71052 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 O 8.48656 -9.49848 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 O 9.38012 -5.01068 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 O 5.24255 -8.14109 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 1 2<br />
M V30 2 1 1 3<br />
M V30 3 1 1 4<br />
M V30 4 1 4 5<br />
M V30 5 1 2 6<br />
M V30 6 1 3 7<br />
M V30 7 1 7 8<br />
M V30 8 1 6 9<br />
M V30 9 1 5 10<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="N(CC)(CC)CC" inchi="1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3" inchikey="ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172210542D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 7 6 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 N 9.05997 -6.33177 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 8.35579 -5.63333 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 7.39895 -5.89012 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 10.0472 -6.05249 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 10.7737 -6.74539 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 8.81579 -7.28361 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 9.54063 -7.97968 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 1 2<br />
M V30 2 1 2 3<br />
M V30 3 1 1 4<br />
M V30 4 1 4 5<br />
M V30 5 1 1 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 7<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C3C(O)=CC=CC=3)N(C)C2=C1" inchi="1S/C15H16N2O/c1-16-12-8-4-5-9-13(12)17(2)15(16)11-7-3-6-10-14(11)18/h3-10,15,18H,1-2H3" inchikey="NNENGKYNKIWEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211072D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 18 20 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 3.75809 -4.54795 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 5.48758 -4.54746 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 4.62447 -4.04807 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.48758 -5.54794 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 3.75809 -5.55242 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 4.62666 -6.0472 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.43912 -4.23824 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 7.0272 -5.04763 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 N 6.43911 -5.85706 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 6.69781 -3.27276 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 6.57644 -6.85266 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 8.02673 -5.04763 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 9.52369 -4.18146 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 8.52653 -4.1812 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 10.0245 -5.04756 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 8.52955 -5.91719 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 9.52914 -5.91073 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 O 8.27086 -6.88267 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 3 1<br />
M V30 2 1 4 2<br />
M V30 3 2 1 5<br />
M V30 4 2 2 3<br />
M V30 5 1 5 6<br />
M V30 6 2 6 4<br />
M V30 7 1 2 7<br />
M V30 8 1 7 8<br />
M V30 9 1 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 9 4<br />
M V30 11 1 7 10<br />
M V30 12 1 9 11<br />
M V30 13 1 8 12<br />
M V30 14 2 14 12<br />
M V30 15 2 15 13<br />
M V30 16 1 12 16<br />
M V30 17 1 13 14<br />
M V30 18 2 16 17<br />
M V30 19 1 17 15<br />
M V30 20 1 16 18<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C3C=CC=CC=3)N(C)C2=C1" inchi="1S/C15H16N2/c1-16-13-10-6-7-11-14(13)17(2)15(16)12-8-4-3-5-9-12/h3-11,15H,1-2H3" inchikey="VDFIVJSRRJXMAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211072D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 17 19 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 3.75092 -4.641 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 5.45224 -4.75325 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 4.6497 -4.18789 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.39436 -5.63311 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 3.71268 -5.65773 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 4.55439 -6.13515 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.4014 -4.4331 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 6.9766 -5.26378 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 N 6.34211 -6.06332 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 7.97124 -5.25999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 9.45757 -4.34824 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 8.45113 -4.37582 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 9.9845 -5.20201 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 8.50292 -6.12233 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 9.50944 -6.09133 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 6.59268 -6.99879 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 6.75173 -3.46193 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 3 1<br />
M V30 2 1 4 2<br />
M V30 3 2 1 5<br />
M V30 4 2 2 3<br />
M V30 5 1 5 6<br />
M V30 6 2 6 4<br />
M V30 7 1 2 7<br />
M V30 8 1 7 8<br />
M V30 9 1 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 9 4<br />
M V30 11 1 8 10<br />
M V30 12 2 12 10<br />
M V30 13 2 13 11<br />
M V30 14 1 10 14<br />
M V30 15 1 11 12<br />
M V30 16 2 14 15<br />
M V30 17 1 15 13<br />
M V30 18 1 9 16<br />
M V30 19 1 7 17<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><chemform smiles="C(C1C=CC=CC=1)N1C=C(C(N)=O)CC=C1" inchi="1S/C13H14N2O/c14-13(16)12-7-4-8-15(10-12)9-11-5-2-1-3-6-11/h1-6,8,10H,7,9H2,(H2,14,16)" inchikey="CMNUYDSETOTBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10172211112D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 16 17 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 6.46113 -8.3607 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 4.88161 -6.23186 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.53495 -5.73244 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 5.56912 -5.50501 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 6.82368 -6.69188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 5.16623 -7.19066 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 N 6.14094 -7.42163 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 7.23922 -5.00583 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 O 8.22591 -5.25702 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 N 6.97446 -4.03416 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 5.83484 -9.11774 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 5.59204 -10.8267 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 6.20605 -10.0393 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 4.60381 -10.6907 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 4.84452 -8.97457 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 4.22807 -9.75997 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 1 4 2<br />
M V30 2 2 5 3<br />
M V30 3 2 2 6<br />
M V30 4 1 3 4<br />
M V30 5 1 6 7<br />
M V30 6 1 7 5<br />
M V30 7 1 7 1<br />
M V30 8 1 3 8<br />
M V30 9 2 8 9<br />
M V30 10 1 8 10<br />
M V30 11 1 1 11<br />
M V30 12 2 13 11<br />
M V30 13 2 14 12<br />
M V30 14 1 11 15<br />
M V30 15 1 12 13<br />
M V30 16 2 15 16<br />
M V30 17 1 16 14<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
== Ruthenium Catalysts ==<br />
<chemform smiles="C1C=CN2[Ru]3(OC(=O)O3)3(N4C=CC=CC=4C4C=CC=CN=43)N3C=CC=CC=3C=2C=1" isreaction="" inchi="1S/2C10H8N2.CH2O3.Ru/c2*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2-1(3)4;/h2*1-8H;(H2,2,3,4);/q;;;+2/p-2" inchikey="BEIFWAYVOBNDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-10312214112D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 29 35 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 5.28906 -3.60311 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 6.95724 -3.72705 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.05009 -3.18532 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 N 7.01473 -4.68431 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 5.29875 -4.48458 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 6.15259 -5.05199 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.70229 -2.49337 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 9.21757 -2.46575 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 8.429 -2.0659 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 9.34153 -3.42541 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 7.6921 -3.34423 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 N 8.63032 -3.94833 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 C 6.03646 -6.16906 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 N 7.5169 -5.95752 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 6.85806 -5.65209 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 C 7.46425 -7.04146 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 5.9907 -7.07931 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 C 6.69359 -7.49646 0.0 0<br />
M V30 19 C 8.00449 -7.3762 0.0 0<br />
M V30 20 C 9.53398 -7.94493 0.0 0<br />
M V30 21 N 8.78974 -7.06142 0.0 0<br />
M V30 22 C 8.98715 -8.9089 0.0 0<br />
M V30 23 C 7.70335 -8.20389 0.0 0<br />
M V30 24 C 8.09857 -8.88242 0.0 0<br />
M V30 25 Ru 8.52507 -5.36896 0.0 0<br />
M V30 26 O 9.35344 -4.62165 0.0 0<br />
M V30 27 O 9.33848 -6.04063 0.0 0<br />
M V30 28 C 10.0561 -5.31072 0.0 0<br />
M V30 29 O 11.1079 -5.29505 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 9 7<br />
M V30 8 2 10 8<br />
M V30 9 1 7 11<br />
M V30 10 1 8 9<br />
M V30 11 2 11 12<br />
M V30 12 1 12 10<br />
M V30 13 2 15 13<br />
M V30 14 2 16 14<br />
M V30 15 1 13 17<br />
M V30 16 1 14 15<br />
M V30 17 2 17 18<br />
M V30 18 1 18 16<br />
M V30 19 2 21 19<br />
M V30 20 2 22 20<br />
M V30 21 1 19 23<br />
M V30 22 1 20 21<br />
M V30 23 2 23 24<br />
M V30 24 1 24 22<br />
M V30 25 1 2 11<br />
M V30 26 1 16 19<br />
M V30 27 10 4 25<br />
M V30 28 10 12 25<br />
M V30 29 10 25 14<br />
M V30 30 10 25 21<br />
M V30 31 1 25 26<br />
M V30 32 1 25 27<br />
M V30 33 1 26 28<br />
M V30 34 1 27 28<br />
M V30 35 2 28 29<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
<br />
== Photosensitizers ==<br />
<br />
== Experiments ==<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for HCOOH greater than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20HCOOH%3A%3A%3E100%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=TON > 100|sort=Turnover number HCOOH, Catalyst|order=descending}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for HCOOH lower than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3C100%3B%20HCOOH%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|description=TON < 100|sort=Catalyst|order=descending}}<br />
<br />
== Cobalt Catalysts ==<br />
<br />
== Organic and semiconductor photosensitizer ==<br />
<chemform smiles="C1C=C(N2C3C=CC(C4C=CC(C5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)=CC=3OC3C=C(C4C=CC(C5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=4)C=CC2=3)C2C=CC=CC=2C=1" inchi="1S/C46H31NO/c1-3-10-32(11-4-1)34-18-22-36(23-19-34)39-26-28-43-45(30-39)48-46-31-40(37-24-20-35(21-25-37)33-12-5-2-6-13-33)27-29-44(46)47(43)42-17-9-15-38-14-7-8-16-41(38)42/h1-31H" inchikey="IGGSSEOAGCUGDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N" height="200px" width="300px" float="none"><br />
-INDIGO-08292214042D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 48 56 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 5.43485 -1.95007 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 7.16515 -1.94959 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 6.30164 -1.44997 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 7.16515 -2.95053 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 5.43485 -2.95502 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 6.30382 -3.45003 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 8.02965 -1.45121 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 8.89683 -1.95155 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 8.0358 -3.45287 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 8.89903 -2.94746 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 5.45899 -4.69999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 12 C 5.45899 -5.70001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 13 O 6.325 -6.20001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 14 C 7.19101 -5.70001 0.0 0<br />
M V30 15 C 7.19101 -4.69999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 16 N 6.325 -4.19999 0.0 0<br />
M V30 17 C 4.59529 -6.19792 0.0 0<br />
M V30 18 C 3.72891 -5.69805 0.0 0<br />
M V30 19 C 4.58914 -4.19812 0.0 0<br />
M V30 20 C 3.72671 -4.70306 0.0 0<br />
M V30 21 C 8.05471 -4.20208 0.0 0<br />
M V30 22 C 8.92109 -4.70195 0.0 0<br />
M V30 23 C 8.06086 -6.20188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 24 C 8.92329 -5.69694 0.0 0<br />
M V30 25 C 9.78931 -6.19694 0.0 0<br />
M V30 26 C 11.5196 -6.19529 0.0 0<br />
M V30 27 C 10.6558 -5.69625 0.0 0<br />
M V30 28 C 11.5203 -7.19624 0.0 0<br />
M V30 29 C 9.78999 -7.20188 0.0 0<br />
M V30 30 C 10.6593 -7.69631 0.0 0<br />
M V30 31 C 12.3863 -7.69624 0.0 0<br />
M V30 32 C 14.1166 -7.69459 0.0 0<br />
M V30 33 C 13.2528 -7.19555 0.0 0<br />
M V30 34 C 14.1173 -8.69553 0.0 0<br />
M V30 35 C 12.387 -8.70118 0.0 0<br />
M V30 36 C 13.2563 -9.19561 0.0 0<br />
M V30 37 C 2.86289 -6.19805 0.0 0<br />
M V30 38 C 1.99916 -7.69736 0.0 0<br />
M V30 39 C 2.86327 -7.19876 0.0 0<br />
M V30 40 C 1.13198 -7.19747 0.0 0<br />
M V30 41 C 1.99224 -5.69616 0.0 0<br />
M V30 42 C 1.1294 -6.20178 0.0 0<br />
M V30 43 C 0.291059 -7.85629 0.0 0<br />
M V30 44 C -0.572666 -9.35559 0.0 0<br />
M V30 45 C 0.291442 -8.857 0.0 0<br />
M V30 46 C -1.43984 -8.8557 0.0 0<br />
M V30 47 C -0.579586 -7.3544 0.0 0<br />
M V30 48 C -1.44243 -7.86002 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 8 7<br />
M V30 8 1 4 9<br />
M V30 9 1 7 2<br />
M V30 10 2 9 10<br />
M V30 11 1 10 8<br />
M V30 12 1 11 16<br />
M V30 13 2 11 12<br />
M V30 14 1 12 13<br />
M V30 15 1 13 14<br />
M V30 16 2 14 15<br />
M V30 17 1 15 16<br />
M V30 18 2 18 17<br />
M V30 19 1 11 19<br />
M V30 20 1 17 12<br />
M V30 21 2 19 20<br />
M V30 22 1 20 18<br />
M V30 23 2 22 21<br />
M V30 24 1 14 23<br />
M V30 25 1 21 15<br />
M V30 26 2 23 24<br />
M V30 27 1 24 22<br />
M V30 28 1 24 25<br />
M V30 29 2 27 25<br />
M V30 30 2 28 26<br />
M V30 31 1 25 29<br />
M V30 32 1 26 27<br />
M V30 33 2 29 30<br />
M V30 34 1 30 28<br />
M V30 35 1 28 31<br />
M V30 36 2 33 31<br />
M V30 37 2 34 32<br />
M V30 38 1 31 35<br />
M V30 39 1 32 33<br />
M V30 40 2 35 36<br />
M V30 41 1 36 34<br />
M V30 42 1 18 37<br />
M V30 43 2 39 37<br />
M V30 44 2 40 38<br />
M V30 45 1 37 41<br />
M V30 46 1 38 39<br />
M V30 47 2 41 42<br />
M V30 48 1 42 40<br />
M V30 49 1 40 43<br />
M V30 50 2 45 43<br />
M V30 51 2 46 44<br />
M V30 52 1 43 47<br />
M V30 53 1 44 45<br />
M V30 54 2 47 48<br />
M V30 55 1 48 46<br />
M V30 56 1 16 6<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
</chemform><br />
<br />
== Experiments ==<br />
__FORCETOC__<br />
[[Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_to_CO&diff=10217Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO2026-01-22T13:16:37Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for CO greater than 100, sorted by catalyst and in descending order. <br />
<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20CO%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=descending|description=TON CO > 100}}<br />
<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for CO less than 100, sorted by catalyst.<br />
<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3C100%3B%20CO%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CO < 100}}<br />
[[Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_to_CH4&diff=10216Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CH42026-01-22T13:15:18Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for CH<sub>4</sub> greater than 100, sorted in descending order.<br />
<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20CH4%5D%5D%0A|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=descending|description=TON CH4 >100}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for CH4 less than 100, sorted by catalyst.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3C100%3B%20CH4%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CH4 < 100}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_to_CH4&diff=10215Category:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CH42026-01-22T13:12:44Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Homogeneous photocatalytic CO2 conversion]]<br />
{{BaseTemplate}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for CH<sub>4</sub> greater than 100, sorted in descending order.<br />
<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3E100%3B%20CH4%5D%5D%0A|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Turnover number CH4, Catalyst|order=descending|description=TON CH4 >100}}<br />
Table of all the experiments that have a turnover number for CH4 less than 100, sorted by catalyst.{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20at%3A%3A%3C100%3B%20CH4%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CH4 < 100}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Electrochemical_Conversion_Template.xlsx&diff=10181File:Electrochemical Conversion Template.xlsx2026-01-16T13:53:10Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Electrochemical Conversion Template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Electrochemical_Conversion_Template.xlsx&diff=10145File:Electrochemical Conversion Template.xlsx2026-01-09T10:11:30Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.xlsx&diff=10144File:Absorption Emission Spectroscopy template.xlsx2026-01-09T10:11:10Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Absorption Emission Spectroscopy template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:UV_vis_Template.xlsx&diff=10143File:UV vis Template.xlsx2026-01-09T10:10:51Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:UV vis Template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Cyclic_Voltammetry_Template.xlsx&diff=10142File:Cyclic Voltammetry Template.xlsx2026-01-09T10:10:27Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Cyclic Voltammetry Template.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_Template_New.xlsx&diff=10141File:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template New.xlsx2026-01-09T10:09:58Z<p>WikiSysop: WikiSysop uploaded a new version of File:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template New.xlsx</p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Help:Investigation_Import_From_File&diff=10140Help:Investigation Import From File2026-01-09T10:01:33Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>== What can be imported? ==<br />
Investigations are basically tables of data describing experiments. The columns represent the properties of the experiments, each row is a new experiment. That means they can be represented as Excel sheets.<br />
<br />
Each type of investigation needs a particular set of properties. The Excel templates of these properties for the different types are listed below. <br />
<br />
'''Important to note on the handling of molecules''': They are represented by their InchI-Key as well as by their structual representation. The latter is necessary to display/render the molecule. That means that the columns for molecules appear always as 2 columns in the excel file. First the column for the InchI-Key followed by the column of the structual representation. The first has the suffix "_inchikey", the latter has the suffix "_molfile". For example: The property "Catalyst" of the investigation would appear in the excel sheet with the columns "Catalyst_inchikey" and "Catalyst_molfile".<br />
<br />
Despite the name "_inchikey", this column can also contain the abbreviation or trivial name of the molecule. In any case, it is checked if the molecule is already known to the wiki. If so, the molecule is used and the content of the "_molfile"-column is ignored. In case that the name is not unique, the first molecule found is used. It is also possible to specify an InchIKey and let the molfile-column empty. In this case, PubChem is requested to get a structual representation of the molecule. If none is found, the column remains empty.<br />
<br />
;Example:<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20CH4%3A%3A%3C100%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CH4 < 100}}<br />
<br />
== How it can be imported ==<br />
To add a new Investigation, go to the edit mode and select "Investigation" from the "Insert"-menu. You should see this:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Investigation_dialog.png]]<br />
<br />
You have to select the type of the experiment and the name. At the bottom you can select an Excel file containing the investigation. If you dont select a file, an empty investigation is created. If you click "Insert" with a selected file, it is uploaded to the system and the import process starts in background. This can take several minutes depending on the size of the investigation. Once the import process is finished the page is automatically updated to show the results. Don't forget to save the page afterwards.<br />
<br />
== Templates for download==<br />
*[[Media:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template_New.xlsx|"Photocatalytic CO2 conversion"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Cyclic_Voltammetry_Template.xlsx|"Cyclic Voltammetry"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:UV_vis_Template.xlsx|"UV_visuell"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.xlsx|"Absorption Emission Spectroscopy"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Electrochemical_Conversion_Template.xlsx|"Electrochemical conversion"-Template]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10061Form:Testform2025-12-12T09:27:22Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
|-<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
|-<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
|-<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
|-<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
|-<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent A (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent C (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_WE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent C (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__WE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__WE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__CE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__CE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__WE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__WE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__CE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__CE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| pH:<br />
| {{{field|pH|label=pH|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! reaction parameters:<br />
|-<br />
| current density [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Current density|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|current density|input type=text|property=Current density}}}<br />
| cathodic potential vs. RHE [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Cathodic potential vs RHE|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cathodic potential|input type=text|property=Cathodic potential vs RHE}}}<br />
|-<br />
| faradaic amount [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic amount|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic amount|property=Faradaic amount|input type=text}}}<br />
| electrolysis duration [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Electrolysis duration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|electrolysis duration|property=Electrolysis duration|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst performance / product analysis:<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number CO:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__CO|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__CO|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__CO|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__CO|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number HCOOH:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__HCOOH|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency HCOOH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_HCOOH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__HCOOH|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential HCOOH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_HCOOH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__HCOOH|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency HCOOH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_HCOOH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__HCOOH|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number H2C2O4:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__H2C2O4|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency H2C2O4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_H2C2O42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__H2C2O4|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential H2C2O4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_H2C2O42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__H2C2O4|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency H2C2O4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_H2C2O42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__H2C2O4|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number H2CO:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__H2CO|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency H2CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_H2CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__H2CO|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential H2CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_H2CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__H2CO|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency H2CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_H2CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__H2CO|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number CH3OH:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__CH3OH|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency CH3OH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_CH3OH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__CH3OH|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential CH3OH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_CH3OH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__CH3OH|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency CH3OH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_CH3OH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__CH3OH|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number H2:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__H2|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency H2 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_H22_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__H2|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential H2 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_H22_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__H2|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency H2 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_H22_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__H2|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number CH4:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__CH4|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency CH4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_CH42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__CH4|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential CH4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_CH42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__CH4|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency CH4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_CH42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__CH4|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number C2H4:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__C2H4|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency C2H4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_C2H42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__C2H4|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential C2H4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_C2H42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__C2H4|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency C2H4 [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_C2H42_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__C2H4|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number CH3CH2OH:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__CH3CH2OH|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency CH3CH2OH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_CH3CH2OH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__CH3CH2OH|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential CH3CH2OH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_CH3CH2OH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__CH3CH2OH|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency CH3CH2OH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_CH3CH2OH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__CH3CH2OH|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10060Form:Testform2025-12-12T09:23:23Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
|-<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
|-<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
|-<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
|-<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
|-<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent A (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent C (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_WE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent C (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__WE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__WE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__CE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__CE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__WE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__WE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__CE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__CE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| pH:<br />
| {{{field|pH|label=pH|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! reaction parameters:<br />
|-<br />
| current density [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Current density|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|current density|input type=text|property=Current density}}}<br />
| cathodic potential vs. RHE [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Cathodic potential vs RHE|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cathodic potential|input type=text|property=Cathodic potential vs RHE}}}<br />
|-<br />
| faradaic amount [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic amount|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic amount|property=Faradaic amount|input type=text}}}<br />
| electrolysis duration [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Electrolysis duration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|electrolysis duration|property=Electrolysis duration|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst performance / product analysis:<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number CO:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__CO|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__CO|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__CO|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency CO [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__CO|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Limiting turnover number HCOOH:<br />
| {{{field|limiting_turnover_number__HCOOH|input type=text|property=Limiting turnover number}}}<br />
| Maximum turnover frequency HCOOH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Maximum turnover frequency|form=EC_conversion_of_HCOOH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|maximum_turnover_frequency__HCOOH|input type=text|property=Maximum turnover frequency}}}<br />
|-<br />
| Turnover frequency at zero overpotential HCOOH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|form=EC_conversion_of_HCOOH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|turnover_frequency_at_zero_overpotential__HCOOH|property=Turnover frequency at zero overpotential|input type=text}}}<br />
| Faradaic efficiency HCOOH [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic efficiency|form=EC_conversion_of_HCOOH2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic_efficiency__HCOOH|property=Faradaic efficiency|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10059Form:Testform2025-12-12T09:17:52Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
|-<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
|-<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
|-<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
|-<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
|-<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent A (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent C (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_WE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent C (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__WE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__WE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__CE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__CE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__WE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__WE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__CE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__CE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| pH:<br />
| {{{field|pH|label=pH|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! reaction parameters:<br />
|-<br />
| current density [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Current density|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|current density|input type=text|property=Current density}}}<br />
| cathodic potential vs. RHE [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Cathodic potential vs RHE|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cathodic potential|input type=text|property=Cathodic potential vs RHE}}}<br />
|-<br />
| faradaic amount [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Faradaic amount|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|faradaic amount|property=Faradaic amount|input type=text}}}<br />
| electrolysis duration [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Electrolysis duration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|electrolysis duration|property=Electrolysis duration|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10058Form:Testform2025-12-12T09:07:01Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
|-<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
|-<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
|-<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
|-<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
|-<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent A (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent C (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_WE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent C (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_C_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__WE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__WE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| additives (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives__CE|label=Additives at|input type=combobox|values from property=Additives}}}<br />
| additives conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|additives_concentration__CE|label=Additives concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__WE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__WE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| buffer (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer__CE|label=Buffer at|input type=combobox|values from property=Buffer}}}<br />
| buffer conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|buffer_concentration__CE|label=Buffer concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__WE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| supporting electrolyte (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte at|input type=combobox|values from property=Supporting electrolyte}}}<br />
| supporting electrolyte conc (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|supporting_electrolyte_concentration__CE|label=Supporting electrolyte concentration at|input type=text}}}<br />
|-<br />
| pH:<br />
| {{{field|pH|label=pH|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10056Form:Testform2025-12-11T15:45:28Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
|-<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
|-<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
|-<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
|-<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
|-<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent A (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10055Form:Testform2025-12-11T15:44:29Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
|-<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
|-<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
|-<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
|-<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent A (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
| solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10054Form:Testform2025-12-11T15:38:50Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
|<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
! solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10053Form:Testform2025-12-11T15:34:52Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
! catalyst information:<br />
| catalyst<br />
| {{{field|catalyst|input type=combobox|property=Catalyst|values from url=molecule_lookup_cat}}}<br />
| cat conc [{{#defaultQuantity:property=Catalyst concentration|form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}]:<br />
| {{{field|cat conc|input type=regexp|property=Catalyst concentration|base type=Number|message=Input a positive number [µM]|regexp=/^([0-9]*\.)?[0-9]*(\s+(M|mM|µM)?)?$/}}}<br />
| immobilization technique:<br />
| {{{field|cat fixation|input type=text|property=Catalyst fixation}}}<br />
| catalyst carrier material:<br />
| {{{field|cat carrier|input type=text|property=Catalyst carrier}}}<br />
|-<br />
! cell setup:<br />
| cell type:<br />
| {{{field|cell type|input type=text|property=Cell type}}}<br />
| separator:<br />
| {{{field|separator|input type=text|property=Separator}}}<br />
| working electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Working electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| counter electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Counter electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
| reference electrode:<br />
| {{{field|RE|property=Reference electrode|input type=dropdown}}}<br />
|-<br />
!electrolyte and solvent composition<br />
| solvent A (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__WE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_A__CE|label=solvent A at|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
| solvent B (working electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_WE|label=solvent B|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
| solvent B (counter electrode):<br />
| {{{field|solvent_B_CE|label=solvent C|input type=combobox|values from category=Solvent}}}<br />
|-<br />
! solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]:<br />
| {{{field|solvent_ratio|label=solvent-ratio [SolvA/SolvB]|input type=string}}}<br />
|-<br />
! include:<br />
| {{{field|include|input type=checkbox|property=Include}}} (check it when you want to include this investigation on topic pages)<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10052Form:Testform2025-12-11T15:34:13Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=Testform}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Form:Testform&diff=10051Form:Testform2025-12-11T15:33:08Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
Add a new set of Electrochemical converaion of C02 experiments (a table in which each row describes one experiment):<br />
{{#forminput:form=EC_conversion_of_CO2_experiments}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
<br />
<includeonly><br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2 experiments}}}<br />
Experiments:<br />
{{{field|experiments|holds template}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{for template|EC conversion of CO2|multiple|embed in field=EC conversion of CO2 experiments[experiments]}}}<br />
{| class="formtable"<br />
! experimental / calculated:<br />
| {{{field|experiment_type|input type=dropdown|property=Experiment Type}}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
;Details:<br />
{{{field|details|input type=textarea|property=Details|message=Arbitrary extra information}}}<br />
{{{end template}}}<br />
<br />
{{{standard input|save}}} {{{standard input|preview}}} {{{standard input|changes}}} {{{standard input|cancel}}}<br />
</includeonly></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&diff=10032MediaWiki:Common.css2025-11-21T12:21:55Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */<br />
<br />
/* put a paper symbol in front of publication pages in the topic tree on the main page */<br />
div.CategoryTreeItem > a:not([href^="/main/mediawiki/Category:"])::before {<br />
content: "\1F5CE\00A0";<br />
}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&diff=10031MediaWiki:Common.css2025-11-21T12:19:04Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */<br />
<br />
/* put a paper symbol in front of publication pages in the topic tree on the main page */<br />
div.CategoryTreeItem > a:not([href^="/main/mediawiki/Category:"])::before {<br />
content: "\1F5CE\00A0";<br />
}<br />
<br />
span.tag-cloud-tag {<br />
border: blue 1px solid;<br />
border-radius: 5px;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
margin: 3px !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.fs-tagcloud-container {<br />
height: inherited;<br />
}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&diff=10030MediaWiki:Common.css2025-11-21T12:16:07Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */<br />
<br />
/* put a paper symbol in front of publication pages in the topic tree on the main page */<br />
div.CategoryTreeItem > a:not([href^="/main/mediawiki/Category:"])::before {<br />
content: "\1F5CE\00A0";<br />
}<br />
<br />
span.tag-cloud-tag {<br />
border: blue 1px solid;<br />
border-radius: 5px;<br />
padding: 2px;<br />
margin: 3px !important;<br />
}<br />
<br />
div.fs-tagcloud-container {<br />
height: 170px !important;<br />
}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Molecule:100534&diff=9827Molecule:1005342025-10-31T10:15:02Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Molecule<br />
|trivialname=1-methylnaphthalene<br />
|cid=7002<br />
|iupacName=1-methylnaphthalene<br />
|molecularMass=142.078250319<br />
|molecularFormula=C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>10</sub><br />
|logP=3.9<br />
|synonyms=1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE$METHYLNAPHTHALENE$alpha-Methylnaphthalene$Naphthalene, 1-methyl-$Naphthalene, methyl-$1-methyl-naphthalene$alpha-methyl naphthalenes$Methyl naphthalene$Polymethylnaphthalene$1-Methylnapththalene<br />
|cas=90-12-0<br />
|hasVendors=true<br />
|moleculeKey=QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N<br />
|molOrRxn=-INDIGO-10202211512D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 11 12 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 4.60985 -5.77507 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 6.34015 -5.77459 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 5.47664 -5.27497 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 6.34015 -6.77553 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 4.60985 -6.78002 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 5.47882 -7.27503 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.20465 -5.27621 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 8.07183 -5.77655 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 7.2108 -7.27787 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 8.07403 -6.77246 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 7.20482 -4.27621 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 8 7<br />
M V30 8 1 4 9<br />
M V30 9 1 7 2<br />
M V30 10 2 9 10<br />
M V30 11 1 10 8<br />
M V30 12 1 7 11<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
|smiles=C1C=CC2C=CC=C(C)C=2C=1<br />
|inchi=1S/C11H10/c1-9-5-4-7-10-6-2-3-8-11(9)10/h2-8H,1H3<br />
|inchikey=QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N<br />
|width=300px<br />
|height=200px<br />
|float=none<br />
}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Molecule:100534&diff=9826Molecule:1005342025-10-31T10:14:45Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Molecule<br />
|trivialname=1-methylnaphthalene1<br />
|cid=7002<br />
|iupacName=1-methylnaphthalene<br />
|molecularMass=142.078250319<br />
|molecularFormula=C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>10</sub><br />
|logP=3.9<br />
|synonyms=1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE$METHYLNAPHTHALENE$alpha-Methylnaphthalene$Naphthalene, 1-methyl-$Naphthalene, methyl-$1-methyl-naphthalene$alpha-methyl naphthalenes$Methyl naphthalene$Polymethylnaphthalene$1-Methylnapththalene<br />
|cas=90-12-0<br />
|hasVendors=true<br />
|moleculeKey=QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N<br />
|molOrRxn=-INDIGO-10202211512D<br />
<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V3000<br />
M V30 BEGIN CTAB<br />
M V30 COUNTS 11 12 0 0 0<br />
M V30 BEGIN ATOM<br />
M V30 1 C 4.60985 -5.77507 0.0 0<br />
M V30 2 C 6.34015 -5.77459 0.0 0<br />
M V30 3 C 5.47664 -5.27497 0.0 0<br />
M V30 4 C 6.34015 -6.77553 0.0 0<br />
M V30 5 C 4.60985 -6.78002 0.0 0<br />
M V30 6 C 5.47882 -7.27503 0.0 0<br />
M V30 7 C 7.20465 -5.27621 0.0 0<br />
M V30 8 C 8.07183 -5.77655 0.0 0<br />
M V30 9 C 7.2108 -7.27787 0.0 0<br />
M V30 10 C 8.07403 -6.77246 0.0 0<br />
M V30 11 C 7.20482 -4.27621 0.0 0<br />
M V30 END ATOM<br />
M V30 BEGIN BOND<br />
M V30 1 2 3 1<br />
M V30 2 2 4 2<br />
M V30 3 1 1 5<br />
M V30 4 1 2 3<br />
M V30 5 2 5 6<br />
M V30 6 1 6 4<br />
M V30 7 2 8 7<br />
M V30 8 1 4 9<br />
M V30 9 1 7 2<br />
M V30 10 2 9 10<br />
M V30 11 1 10 8<br />
M V30 12 1 7 11<br />
M V30 END BOND<br />
M V30 END CTAB<br />
M END<br />
|smiles=C1C=CC2C=CC=C(C)C=2C=1<br />
|inchi=1S/C11H10/c1-9-5-4-7-10-6-2-3-8-11(9)10/h2-8H,1H3<br />
|inchikey=QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N<br />
|width=300px<br />
|height=200px<br />
|float=none<br />
}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Durable_Solar-Powered_Systems_with_Ni-Catalysts_for_Conversion_of_CO2_or_CO_to_CH4/Results_for_different_electron_donors_and_proton_donors&diff=9825Durable Solar-Powered Systems with Ni-Catalysts for Conversion of CO2 or CO to CH4/Results for different electron donors and proton donors2025-10-31T10:08:25Z<p>WikiSysop: auto-updated</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments<br />
|experiments={{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=8000<br />
|TON CH4=5000<br />
|TON H2=34000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|feedstock gas=CO<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=10000<br />
|TON H2=58000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=5000<br />
|TON CH4=1000<br />
|TON H2=15000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=108000<br />
|TON CH4=4000<br />
|TON H2=278000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=test<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=31000<br />
|TON H2=320000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=175000<br />
|TON CH4=19000<br />
|TON H2=29000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=9000<br />
|TON H2=36000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=130000<br />
|TON CH4=29000<br />
|TON H2=4900000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=76000<br />
|TON H2=17000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=570000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=51000<br />
|TON CH4=12000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO2/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=310000<br />
|TON H2=33000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}<br />
{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100534<br />
|cat conc=0.08<br />
|PS conc=0.4<br />
|TON CO=34000<br />
}}}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Durable_Solar-Powered_Systems_with_Ni-Catalysts_for_Conversion_of_CO2_or_CO_to_CH4/Results_for_different_electron_donors_and_proton_donors&diff=9805Durable Solar-Powered Systems with Ni-Catalysts for Conversion of CO2 or CO to CH4/Results for different electron donors and proton donors2025-10-10T09:50:43Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments<br />
|experiments={{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=8000<br />
|TON CH4=5000<br />
|TON H2=34000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|feedstock gas=CO<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=10000<br />
|TON H2=58000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=5000<br />
|TON CH4=1000<br />
|TON H2=15000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=108000<br />
|TON CH4=4000<br />
|TON H2=278000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=test<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=31000<br />
|TON H2=320000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=175000<br />
|TON CH4=19000<br />
|TON H2=29000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=9000<br />
|TON H2=36000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=130000<br />
|TON CH4=29000<br />
|TON H2=4900000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=76000<br />
|TON H2=17000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=570000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=51000<br />
|TON CH4=12000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO2/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=310000<br />
|TON H2=33000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}<br />
}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Durable_Solar-Powered_Systems_with_Ni-Catalysts_for_Conversion_of_CO2_or_CO_to_CH4/Results_for_different_electron_donors_and_proton_donors&diff=9804Durable Solar-Powered Systems with Ni-Catalysts for Conversion of CO2 or CO to CH4/Results for different electron donors and proton donors2025-10-10T09:49:52Z<p>WikiSysop: auto-updated</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments<br />
|experiments={{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100508<br />
|cat conc=0.007<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=8000<br />
|TON CH4=5000<br />
|TON H2=34000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|feedstock gas=CO<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=10000<br />
|TON H2=58000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=5000<br />
|TON CH4=1000<br />
|TON H2=15000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=108000<br />
|TON CH4=4000<br />
|TON H2=278000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=test<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=31000<br />
|TON H2=320000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=175000<br />
|TON CH4=19000<br />
|TON H2=29000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=9000<br />
|TON H2=36000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=130000<br />
|TON CH4=29000<br />
|TON H2=4900000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=76000<br />
|TON H2=17000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=570000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=51000<br />
|TON CH4=12000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO2/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=310000<br />
|TON H2=33000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}<br />
}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Durable_Solar-Powered_Systems_with_Ni-Catalysts_for_Conversion_of_CO2_or_CO_to_CH4/Results_for_different_electron_donors_and_proton_donors&diff=9803Durable Solar-Powered Systems with Ni-Catalysts for Conversion of CO2 or CO to CH4/Results for different electron donors and proton donors2025-10-10T09:49:04Z<p>WikiSysop: auto-updated</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion experiments<br />
|experiments={{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.007<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=8000<br />
|TON CH4=5000<br />
|TON H2=34000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|feedstock gas=CO<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=10000<br />
|TON H2=58000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=5000<br />
|TON CH4=1000<br />
|TON H2=15000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=108000<br />
|TON CH4=4000<br />
|TON H2=278000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=test<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=31000<br />
|TON H2=320000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=175000<br />
|TON CH4=19000<br />
|TON H2=29000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=9000<br />
|TON H2=36000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100505<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=130000<br />
|TON CH4=29000<br />
|TON H2=4900000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100831<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=76000<br />
|TON H2=17000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA 5% (v/v), H2O 2% (v/v)<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CH4=570000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100829<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA, H2O<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=51000<br />
|TON CH4=12000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
|details=Atmosphere of 1:1 CO2/H2<br />
}}{{Photocatalytic CO2 conversion<br />
|catalyst=Molecule:100830<br />
|cat conc=0.002<br />
|PS=Molecule:100843<br />
|PS conc=0.1<br />
|e-D=Molecule:100508<br />
|e-D conc=0.01<br />
|solvent A=Molecule:100530<br />
|additives=TEA<br />
|feedstock gas=CO2<br />
|λexc=solar spectrum<br />
|irr time=72<br />
|TON CO=310000<br />
|TON H2=33000<br />
|include=Yes<br />
}}<br />
}}</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Help:Investigation_Import_From_File&diff=9704Help:Investigation Import From File2025-08-01T11:45:30Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>== What can be imported? ==<br />
Investigations are basically tables of data describing experiments. The columns represent the properties of the experiments, each row is a new experiment. That means they can be represented as Excel sheets.<br />
<br />
Each type of investigation needs a particular set of properties. The Excel templates of these properties for the different types are listed below. <br />
<br />
'''Important to note on the handling of molecules''': They are represented by their InchI-Key as well as by their structual representation. The latter is necessary to display/render the molecule. That means that the columns for molecules appear always as 2 columns in the excel file. First the column for the InchI-Key followed by the column of the structual representation. The first has the suffix "_inchikey", the latter has the suffix "_molfile". For example: The property "Catalyst" of the investigation would appear in the excel sheet with the columns "Catalyst_inchikey" and "Catalyst_molfile".<br />
<br />
Despite the name "_inchikey", this column can also contain the abbreviation or trivial name of the molecule. In any case, it is checked if the molecule is already known to the wiki. If so, the molecule is used and the content of the "_molfile"-column is ignored. In case that the name is not unique, the first molecule found is used. It is also possible to specify an InchIKey and let the molfile-column empty. In this case, PubChem is requested to get a structual representation of the molecule. If none is found, the column remains empty.<br />
<br />
;Example:<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20CH4%3A%3A%3C100%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CH4 < 100}}<br />
<br />
== How it can be imported ==<br />
To add a new Investigation, go to the edit mode and select "Investigation" from the "Insert"-menu. You should see this:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Investigation_dialog.png]]<br />
<br />
You have to select the type of the experiment and the name. At the bottom you can select an Excel file containing the investigation. If you dont select a file, an empty investigation is created. If you click "Insert" with a selected file, it is uploaded to the system and the import process starts in background. This can take several minutes depending on the size of the investigation. Once the import process is finished the page is automatically updated to show the results. Don't forget to save the page afterwards.<br />
<br />
== Templates for download==<br />
*[[Media:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template_New.xlsx|"Photocatalytic CO2 conversion"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Cyclic_Voltammetry_Template.xlsx|"Cyclic Voltammetry"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:UV_vis_Template.xlsx|"UV_visuell"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.xlsx|"Absorption Emission Spectroscopy"-Template]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Help:Investigation_Import_From_File&diff=9703Help:Investigation Import From File2025-08-01T09:52:08Z<p>WikiSysop: /* Templates for download */</p>
<hr />
<div>== What can be imported? ==<br />
Investigations are basically tables of data describing experiments. The columns represent the properties of the experiments, each row is a new experiment. That means they can be represented as Excel sheets.<br />
<br />
Each type of investigation needs a particular set of properties. The Excel templates of these properties for the different types are listed below. Important to note is the handling of molecules. They are represented by their InchI-Key as well as by (one of) their MOLFILE-representation. The latter is necessary to display the molecule. That means that the columns for molecules appear always as 2 columns in the excel file. First the column for the InchI-Key followed by the column of the MOLFILE. The latter has the suffix "_data". For example: The property "Catalyst" of the investigation would appear in the excel sheet with the column "Catalyst" and "Catalyst_data"<br />
<br />
;Example:<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20CH4%3A%3A%3C100%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CH4 < 100}}<br />
<br />
== How it can be imported ==<br />
To add a new Investigation, go to the edit mode and select "Investigation" from the "Insert"-menu. You should see this:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Investigation_dialog.png]]<br />
<br />
You have to select the type of the experiment and the name. At the bottom you can select an Excel file containing the investigation. If you dont select a file, an empty investigation is created. If you click "Insert" with a selected file, it is uploaded to the system and the import process starts in background. This can take several minutes depending on the size of the investigation. Once the import process is finished the page is automatically updated to show the results. Don't forget to save the page afterwards.<br />
<br />
== Templates for download==<br />
*[[Media:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template_New.xlsx|"Photocatalytic CO2 conversion"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Cyclic_Voltammetry_Template.xlsx|"Cyclic Voltammetry"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:UV_vis_Template.xlsx|"UV_visuell"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.xlsx|"Absorption Emission Spectroscopy"-Template]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.xlsx&diff=9702File:Absorption Emission Spectroscopy template.xlsx2025-08-01T09:51:20Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template.docx&diff=9701File:Absorption Emission Spectroscopy template.docx2025-08-01T09:49:39Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=File:UV_vis_Template.xlsx&diff=9700File:UV vis Template.xlsx2025-08-01T09:49:25Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Help:Investigation_Import_From_File&diff=9699Help:Investigation Import From File2025-08-01T09:48:49Z<p>WikiSysop: /* Templates for download */</p>
<hr />
<div>== What can be imported? ==<br />
Investigations are basically tables of data describing experiments. The columns represent the properties of the experiments, each row is a new experiment. That means they can be represented as Excel sheets.<br />
<br />
Each type of investigation needs a particular set of properties. The Excel templates of these properties for the different types are listed below. Important to note is the handling of molecules. They are represented by their InchI-Key as well as by (one of) their MOLFILE-representation. The latter is necessary to display the molecule. That means that the columns for molecules appear always as 2 columns in the excel file. First the column for the InchI-Key followed by the column of the MOLFILE. The latter has the suffix "_data". For example: The property "Catalyst" of the investigation would appear in the excel sheet with the column "Catalyst" and "Catalyst_data"<br />
<br />
;Example:<br />
{{#experimentlink:%5B%5BTurnover%20number%20CH4%3A%3A%3C100%5D%5D|form=Photocatalytic_CO2_conversion_experiments|restrictToPages=|sort=Catalyst|order=|description=TON CH4 < 100}}<br />
<br />
== How it can be imported ==<br />
To add a new Investigation, go to the edit mode and select "Investigation" from the "Insert"-menu. You should see this:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Investigation_dialog.png]]<br />
<br />
You have to select the type of the experiment and the name. At the bottom you can select an Excel file containing the investigation. If you dont select a file, an empty investigation is created. If you click "Insert" with a selected file, it is uploaded to the system and the import process starts in background. This can take several minutes depending on the size of the investigation. Once the import process is finished the page is automatically updated to show the results. Don't forget to save the page afterwards.<br />
<br />
== Templates for download==<br />
*[[Media:Photocatalytic CO2 conversion Template_New.xlsx|"Photocatalytic CO2 conversion"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Cyclic_Voltammetry_Template.xlsx|"Cyclic Voltammetry"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:UV_vis_Template.xlsx|"UV_visuell"-Template]]<br />
*[[Media:Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_template|"Absorption Emission Spectroscopy"-Template]]</div>WikiSysophttps://chemwiki.scc.kit.edu/main/mediawiki/index.php?title=Test_UVvis&diff=9698Test UVvis2025-08-01T09:42:47Z<p>WikiSysop: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{#experimentlist:|form=Ultraviolett_Visuell_experiments|name=test1|importFile=|description=trtr}}<br />
<br />
test<br />
<br />
{{#experimentlist:|form=Absorption_Emission_Spectroscopy_experiments|name=test2|importFile=|description=gdgd}}</div>WikiSysop